Kopiczko Anna
Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw.
Prz Menopauzalny. 2014 May;13(2):79-83. doi: 10.5114/pm.2014.42707. Epub 2014 May 21.
The results of many epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease and develops mainly in women during menopause. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diet with particular emphasis on calcium and vitamin D intake and sun exposure in premenopausal women in terms of risk of osteoporosis.
The study involved 300 women aged 45-55 years from Warsaw. The method used was a questionnaire assessing the frequency of consumption from the last three months. Exposure to the sun evaluated using a questionnaire prepared in cooperation with the Institute of Food and Nutrition in Warsaw. For the purpose of the project, profiles of attitudes towards prevention of osteoporosis were developed.
Inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D among the majority of women surveyed was confirmed. The highest percentage of women represented profile VIII: attitudes towards prevention of osteoporosis, characterized by insufficient exposure to sunlight and a diet deficient in both calcium and vitamin D.
In the diets of women surveyed significant deficiencies of calcium and vitamin D were found, which confirms previous reports on the lack of nutritional support for normal women's bone mineralization. Among the surveyed women the majority reported insufficient exposure to sunlight as a source of vitamin D additional to food. There is a need for health education of these women in the prevention of osteoporosis and especially paying attention to the proper intake of calcium and more vitamin D in their diet. At the same time, adequate exposure to the sun is vital as it is the main source of vitamin D for the body coming not from the food consumed.
许多流行病学和临床研究结果表明，骨质疏松症是一种多因素疾病，主要发生在绝经后女性中。本研究的目的是评估绝经前女性的饮食，特别强调钙和维生素D的摄入量以及日照情况对骨质疏松症风险的影响。
该研究涉及300名年龄在45至55岁之间来自华沙的女性。所采用的方法是一份评估过去三个月消费频率的问卷。使用与华沙食品与营养研究所合作编制的问卷评估日照情况。为该项目编制了骨质疏松症预防态度概况。
证实大多数接受调查的女性钙和维生素D摄入量不足。最高比例的女性属于第八种概况：骨质疏松症预防态度，其特点是日照不足以及饮食中钙和维生素D均缺乏。
在接受调查的女性饮食中发现钙和维生素D严重缺乏，这证实了先前有关正常女性骨矿化缺乏营养支持的报道。在接受调查的女性中，大多数报告日照不足，而日照是除食物之外维生素D的来源。有必要对这些女性进行骨质疏松症预防方面的健康教育，尤其要注意她们饮食中钙和更多维生素D的适当摄入。同时，充足的日照至关重要，因为它是人体维生素D的主要来源，并非来自所食用的食物。
