Mou Xianbo, Ali Zeeshan, Li Song, He Nongyue
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2015 Jan;15(1):54-62. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2015.9585.
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are a special kind of nanomaterials and widely used in biomedical technology applications. Currently they are popularly customized for disease detection and treatment, particularly as drug carriers in drug targeted delivery systems, as a therapeutic in hyperthermia (treating tumors with heat), and as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Due to their biocompatibility and superparamagnetic properties, MNPs as next generation drug carriers have great attraction. Although the potential benefits of MNPs are considerable, any potential toxicity associated with these MNPs should be identified distinctly. The drug loading capability and the biomedical properties of MNPs generated by different surface coatings are the most sensitive parameters in toxicity. A lot of organic and inorganic materials are utilized as coating materials for surface functionalization and reducing toxicity of MNPs. pH or temperature sensitivity materials are widely used to manage drug loading and targeted release. In addition, MNPs can be controlled and directed to the desired pathological region by using external magnetic files (EMF). The realization of targeted drug delivery has decreased the dosage and improved the efficiency of drugs, which results in reduced side effects to normal tissues. This review discussed the possible organ toxicities of MNPs and their current advances as a drug delivery vehicle.
磁性纳米颗粒（MNPs）是一种特殊的纳米材料，广泛应用于生物医学技术领域。目前，它们被广泛定制用于疾病检测和治疗，特别是作为药物靶向递送系统中的药物载体、热疗（用热治疗肿瘤）中的治疗剂以及磁共振成像（MRI）中的造影剂。由于其生物相容性和超顺磁性，MNPs作为下一代药物载体具有很大的吸引力。尽管MNPs的潜在益处相当可观，但与这些MNPs相关的任何潜在毒性都应明确识别。由不同表面涂层产生的MNPs的载药能力和生物医学特性是毒性方面最敏感的参数。许多有机和无机材料被用作表面功能化和降低MNPs毒性的涂层材料。pH或温度敏感性材料被广泛用于控制药物负载和靶向释放。此外，通过使用外部磁场（EMF），MNPs可以被控制并导向到所需的病理区域。靶向药物递送的实现减少了药物剂量并提高了药物效率，从而降低了对正常组织的副作用。本文综述讨论了MNPs可能的器官毒性及其作为药物递送载体的当前进展。
