Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Sep 4;64(34):929-34. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6434a1.
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes and ticks. West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease in the United States (1). However, several other arboviruses also cause sporadic cases and seasonal outbreaks. This report summarizes surveillance data reported to CDC in 2014 for WNV and other nationally notifiable arboviruses, excluding dengue. Forty-two states and the District of Columbia (DC) reported 2,205 cases of WNV disease. Of these, 1,347 (61%) were classified as WNV neuroinvasive disease (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis), for a national incidence of 0.42 cases per 100,000 population. After WNV, the next most commonly reported cause of arboviral disease was La Crosse virus (80 cases), followed by Jamestown Canyon virus (11), St. Louis encephalitis virus (10), Powassan virus (8), and Eastern equine encephalitis virus (8). WNV and other arboviruses cause serious illness in substantial numbers of persons each year. Maintaining surveillance programs is important to help direct prevention activities.
虫媒病毒(arboviruses)主要通过受感染的蚊子和蜱的叮咬传播给人类。西尼罗河病毒(WNV)是美国国内获得性虫媒病毒病的主要原因(1)。然而,还有其他几种虫媒病毒也会导致散发病例和季节性暴发。本报告总结了 2014 年向美国疾病预防控制中心报告的西尼罗河病毒和其他国家法定报告的虫媒病毒(不包括登革热)监测数据。42 个州和哥伦比亚特区(DC)报告了 2205 例西尼罗河病毒病病例。其中,1347 例(61%)被归类为西尼罗河病毒神经侵袭性疾病(如脑膜炎、脑炎或急性弛缓性麻痹),全国发病率为每 10 万人中 0.42 例。WNV 之后,报告的虫媒病毒病的第二大常见原因是拉科罗病毒(80 例),其次是贾斯丁峡谷病毒(11 例)、圣路易斯脑炎病毒(10 例)、波瓦桑病毒(8 例)和东部马脑炎病毒(8 例)。WNV 和其他虫媒病毒每年都会导致大量人患上严重疾病。维持监测计划对于指导预防活动非常重要。