Al-Mutairi Reem L, Bawazir Amen A, Ahmed Anwar E, Jradi Hoda
Department of Public Health, College of Public Health & Informatics, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia;
Departments of Community & Environmental Health, College of Public Health & Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2015 Aug;15(3):e398-404. doi: 10.18295/squmj.2015.15.03.015. Epub 2015 Aug 24.
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing rapidly in the Saudi population. The purpose of this study was to assess the constructs of the health belief model (HBM) as they relate to T2DM lifestyle and prevention behaviours among adolescents.
A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and October 2013 among 426 non-diabetic secondary school students from randomly selected schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An Arabic version of an adapted English language questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and attitudes related to the severity and prevention of T2DM. A preventative behaviour assessment was also conducted to assess physical activity and dietary habits.
The majority of the students (63.4%) had at least one diabetic family member. Obesity was more frequent in males compared to females (P = 0.013). Awareness about the importance of maintaining a healthy body weight to prevent T2DM was lower in males than females (P = 0.037), although males engaged in routine exercise more often (P = 0.001). Males were less likely than females to recognise the risks for T2DM, including obesity (P = 0.030), heredity (P = 0.013) and high fat intake (P = 0.001).
An alarmingly high number of Saudi students were unaware of T2DM severity and associated risk factors. Female students were more aware of the benefits of T2DM preventative lifestyle behaviours than males, although males engaged in routine exercise more often. Raising adolescents' awareness about the primary prevention strategies for T2DM should be a public health priority in Saudi Arabia. The HBM could inform further research on diabetes prevention among Saudi adolescents.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）在沙特人群中的发病率正在迅速上升。本研究的目的是评估健康信念模型（HBM）的构成要素与青少年T2DM生活方式及预防行为之间的关系。
2013年5月至10月间，在沙特阿拉伯利雅得随机选取的学校中，对426名非糖尿病中学生进行了一项横断面研究。使用一份改编自英文问卷的阿拉伯语版本，评估与T2DM严重程度及预防相关的知识和态度。还进行了预防行为评估，以评估身体活动和饮食习惯。
大多数学生（63.4%）至少有一名糖尿病家庭成员。男性肥胖发生率高于女性（P = 0.013）。尽管男性更经常进行日常锻炼（P = 0.001），但男性对保持健康体重以预防T2DM重要性的认识低于女性（P = 0.037）。男性比女性更不容易认识到T2DM的风险，包括肥胖（P = 0.030）、遗传（P = 0.013）和高脂肪摄入（P = 0.001）。
数量惊人的沙特学生未意识到T2DM的严重程度及相关风险因素。尽管男性更经常进行日常锻炼，但女学生比男学生更了解T2DM预防性生活方式行为的益处。提高青少年对T2DM一级预防策略的认识应成为沙特阿拉伯的公共卫生重点。健康信念模型可为沙特青少年糖尿病预防的进一步研究提供参考。
