Czekaj Tomasz, Ciszewski Marcin, Szewczyk Eligia M
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Łódź, Pomorska 137, 90-235 Łódź, Poland.
Microbiology (Reading). 2015 Nov;161(11):2061-8. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.000178. Epub 2015 Sep 11.
Staphylococcus haemolyticus is one of the most frequent aetiological factors of staphylococcal infections. This species seems to lack the important virulence attributes described in other staphylococci. However, studies have shown that the presence of various enzymes, cytolysins and surface substances affects the virulence of S. haemolyticus. Nevertheless, none of them has been identified as crucial and determinative. Despite this, S. haemolyticus is, after Staphylococcus epidermidis, the second most frequently isolated coagulase-negative staphylococcus from clinical cases, notably from blood infections, including sepsis. This raises the question of what is the reason for the increasing clinical significance of S. haemolyticus? The most important factor might be the ability to acquire multiresistance against available antimicrobial agents, even glycopeptides. The unusual genome plasticity of S. haemolyticus strains manifested by a large number of insertion sequences and identified SNPs might contribute to its acquisition of antibiotic resistance. Interspecies transfer of SCCmec cassettes suggests that S. haemolyticus might also be the reservoir of resistance genes for other staphylococci, including Staphylococcus aureus. Taking into consideration the great adaptability and the ability to survive in the hospital environment, especially on medical devices, S. haemolyticus becomes a crucial factor in nosocomial infections caused by multiresistant staphylococci.
溶血葡萄球菌是葡萄球菌感染最常见的病因之一。该菌种似乎缺乏其他葡萄球菌所具有的重要毒力特性。然而，研究表明，各种酶、细胞溶素和表面物质的存在会影响溶血葡萄球菌的毒力。尽管如此，尚未确定其中任何一种是关键和决定性的。尽管如此，溶血葡萄球菌是继表皮葡萄球菌之后，临床病例中第二常见的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌，尤其是在血液感染（包括败血症）中。这就引出了一个问题，溶血葡萄球菌临床意义不断增加的原因是什么？最重要的因素可能是对现有抗菌药物甚至糖肽类药物产生多重耐药的能力。溶血葡萄球菌菌株异常的基因组可塑性表现为大量的插入序列和已鉴定的单核苷酸多态性，这可能有助于其获得抗生素耐药性。SCCmec盒的种间转移表明，溶血葡萄球菌也可能是包括金黄色葡萄球菌在内的其他葡萄球菌耐药基因的储存库。考虑到溶血葡萄球菌具有很强的适应性和在医院环境（尤其是在医疗设备上）中生存的能力，它成为多重耐药葡萄球菌引起医院感染的关键因素。
