Fitzwalter Brent E, Thorburn Andrew
Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
FEBS J. 2015 Nov;282(22):4279-88. doi: 10.1111/febs.13515. Epub 2015 Oct 1.
Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is an evolutionarily-ancient mechanism by which cellular material is delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy and cell death are intimately linked. For example, both processes often use the same molecular machinery and recent work suggests that autophagy has great influence over a cell's decision to live or die. However, this decision-making is complicated by the fact that the role of autophagy in determining whether a cell should live or die goes both ways: autophagy inhibition can result in more or less cell death depending on the death stimulus, cell type or context. Autophagy may also differentially affect different types of cell death. In the present review, we discuss the recent literature that helps make sense of this apparently inconsistent role of autophagy in influencing a cell to live or die.
巨自噬（以下简称自噬）是一种古老的进化机制，通过该机制细胞物质被输送到溶酶体进行降解。自噬与细胞死亡密切相关。例如，这两个过程通常使用相同的分子机制，并且最近的研究表明自噬对细胞的生死抉择有很大影响。然而，由于自噬在决定细胞生死方面的作用是双向的，这一决策过程变得复杂：根据死亡刺激、细胞类型或环境的不同，自噬抑制可能导致或多或少的细胞死亡。自噬也可能对不同类型的细胞死亡产生不同的影响。在本综述中，我们讨论了最近的文献，这些文献有助于理解自噬在影响细胞生死方面这种明显矛盾的作用。
