Mackenzie Michael J, Zuniga Krystle E, Raine Lauren B, Awick Elizabeth A, Hillman Charles H, Kramer Arthur F, McAuley Edward
1 Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware , Newark, Deleware.
2 School of Family and Consumer Science, Texas State University-San Marcos , San Marcos, Texas.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2016 Jan;25(1):99-108. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5246. Epub 2015 Sep 29.
This study examined the effects of cardiorespiratory fitness, heart rate recovery, and physical activity on working memory in breast cancer survivors and age-matched controls.
Using a case-control design, 32 women who had received a breast cancer diagnosis and completed primary treatment within the past 36-months (11 radiation only; 21 chemotherapy) and 30 age-matched women with no previous cancer diagnosis completed a n-back continuous performance task commonly used as an assessment of working memory. In addition, cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery were measured during a submaximal graded exercise test and physical activity was measured using 7-days of accelerometer monitoring.
Breast cancer survivors who had received chemotherapy had poorer heart rate recovery (p = .010) and engaged in less physical activity than women who had received radiation only (p = .004) or non-cancer controls (p = .029). Cancer treatment (radiation; chemotherapy) predicted differences in reaction times on the 1-back working memory task (p = .029). However, more rapid heart rate recovery predicted shorter reaction times on the 1-back task in the age-matched control group (p = .002). All participants with greater cardiorespiratory fitness displayed greater accuracy independent of disease status on the 1-back task (p = .017). No significant group differences in reaction times were observed for 2-back target trials between breast cancer survivors and controls. However, greater total physical activity predicted shorter reaction times in breast cancer survivors (radiation, chemotherapy) on the 2-back task (p = .014). In addition, all participants who exhibited more rapid heart rate recovery demonstrated better greater accuracy regardless of disease status (p = .013).
These findings support differences in physical activty participation, heart rate recovery, and 1- and 2-back working memory reaction times between breast cancer survivors and age-matched controls. Greater cardiorespiratory fitness, heart rate recovery, and physical activity were positively associated with better working memory performance across conditions.
本研究探讨了心肺适能、心率恢复和身体活动对乳腺癌幸存者及年龄匹配的对照组工作记忆的影响。
采用病例对照设计，32名在过去36个月内被诊断为乳腺癌并完成初始治疗的女性（11名仅接受放疗；21名接受化疗）和30名年龄匹配且无癌症诊断史的女性完成了一项常用于评估工作记忆的n-back连续执行任务。此外，在次极量分级运动试验中测量心肺适能和心率恢复情况，并使用7天加速度计监测来测量身体活动。
接受化疗的乳腺癌幸存者心率恢复较差（p = 0.010），且与仅接受放疗的女性（p = 0.004）或非癌症对照组（p = 0.029）相比，身体活动较少。癌症治疗（放疗；化疗）预示着1-back工作记忆任务反应时间的差异（p = 0.029）。然而，在年龄匹配的对照组中，心率恢复更快预示着1-back任务的反应时间更短（p = 0.002）。所有心肺适能较高的参与者在1-back任务中表现出更高的准确性，且与疾病状态无关（p = 0.017）。在乳腺癌幸存者和对照组之间，2-back目标试验的反应时间未观察到显著的组间差异。然而，总的身体活动量越大，乳腺癌幸存者（放疗、化疗）在2-back任务中的反应时间越短（p = 0.014）。此外，所有心率恢复更快的参与者无论疾病状态如何都表现出更高的准确性（p = 0.013）。
这些发现支持了乳腺癌幸存者与年龄匹配的对照组在身体活动参与、心率恢复以及1-back和2-back工作记忆反应时间方面存在差异。更高的心肺适能、心率恢复和身体活动与各条件下更好的工作记忆表现呈正相关。
