Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n Ciudad Universitaria, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Genotoxicología Ambiental, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, D.F., Mexico.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Feb;23(3):2513-20. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-5474-7. Epub 2015 Oct 1.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effect of pesticides in exfoliated buccal cells of workers occupationally exposed in Guerrero, Mexico, using the comet assay and the micronucleus test. The study compared 111 agricultural workers in three rural communities (Arcelia 62, Ajuchitlan 13, and Tlapehuala 36), with 60 non-exposed individuals. All the participants were males. The presence of DNA damage was investigated in the exfoliated buccal cells of study participants with the comet assay and the micronucleus (MN) test; comet tail length was evaluated in 100 nuclei and 3000 epithelial cells of each individual, respectively; other nuclear anomalies such as nuclear buds, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and binucleate cells were also evaluated. Study results revealed that the tail migration of DNA and the frequency of MN increased significantly in the exposed group, which also showed nuclear anomalies associated with cytotoxic or genotoxic effect. No positive correlation was noted between exposure time and tail length and micronuclei frequencies. No significant effect on genetic damage was observed as a result of age, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The MN and comet assay in exfoliated buccal cells are useful and minimally invasive methods for monitoring genetic damage in individuals exposed to pesticides. This study provided valuable data for establishing the possible risk to human health associated with pesticide exposure.
本研究旨在评估墨西哥格雷罗州职业暴露于农药的工人脱落口腔细胞的遗传毒性效应，使用彗星试验和微核试验。该研究比较了三个农村社区（Arcelia 62、Ajuchitlan 13 和 Tlapehuala 36）的 111 名农业工人和 60 名非暴露个体。所有参与者均为男性。通过彗星试验和微核（MN）试验研究参与者脱落口腔细胞中的 DNA 损伤情况；分别评估了 100 个核和每个个体的 3000 个上皮细胞中的彗星尾长；还评估了其他核异常，如核芽、核溶解、核碎裂和双核细胞。研究结果表明，暴露组的 DNA 尾迁移和 MN 频率显著增加，同时还显示出与细胞毒性或遗传毒性效应相关的核异常。暴露时间与尾长和微核频率之间没有观察到正相关。年龄、吸烟和饮酒对遗传损伤没有显著影响。脱落口腔细胞中的 MN 和彗星试验是监测暴露于农药的个体遗传损伤的有用且微创方法。本研究为确定与农药暴露相关的人类健康的潜在风险提供了有价值的数据。
