A. Saghazadeh, M. Gharedaghi, and N. Rezaei are with the Molecular Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. M. Mahmoudi is with the Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. A. Meysamie is with the Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. G.W. Zamponi is with the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. N. Rezaei is with the Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; and the Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
Nutr Rev. 2015 Nov;73(11):760-79. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv026. Epub 2015 Oct 2.
Seizures are among the most common causes of apparent life-threatening events. There are discrepancies among the published reports on the correlation between epilepsy/febrile seizures and deficiency or overload of trace elements. The objective of this review and meta-analysis was to examine the present knowledge on the concentrations of the most investigated trace metals, including zinc, copper, selenium, and magnesium, in patients with epilepsy and febrile seizures. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched to identify case-control studies that compared the concentration of zinc, copper, magnesium, and selenium in serum, hair, or cerebrospinal fluid between patients with epilepsy/febrile seizures and controls. A total of 60 articles were included in the present study (40 pertaining to epilepsy and 25 pertaining to febrile seizures). The serum concentration of zinc in nontreated patients with epilepsy was significantly higher than in controls (P = 0.034). There were significantly reduced serum concentrations of zinc (P = 0.018) and selenium (P = 0.012) in patients with febrile seizures compared with controls. The concentrations of copper, magnesium, and zinc were all significantly altered in patients with epilepsy who received antiepileptic drugs compared with untreated patients with epilepsy. Designing treatments to selectively restore zinc levels may be a strategy for treating patients with epilepsy. It is still unclear whether these ions are causal to, or a cofactor in, the development of epilepsy. Knowledge of the effects of various antiepileptic drugs on trace element homeostasis could potentially be used to effectively guide appropriate therapeutic strategies in the future.
癫痫发作是最常见的威胁生命的事件之一。在已发表的关于癫痫/热性惊厥与微量元素缺乏或过载之间相关性的报道中存在差异。本综述和荟萃分析的目的是检查目前关于最受关注的微量元素（包括锌、铜、硒和镁）在癫痫和热性惊厥患者中的浓度的知识。通过检索 PubMed 和 Scopus 数据库，确定了将癫痫和热性惊厥患者血清、头发或脑脊液中的锌、铜、镁和硒浓度与对照组进行比较的病例对照研究。本研究共纳入 60 篇文章（40 篇与癫痫有关，25 篇与热性惊厥有关）。未经治疗的癫痫患者的血清锌浓度明显高于对照组（P=0.034）。与对照组相比，热性惊厥患者的血清锌（P=0.018）和硒（P=0.012）浓度明显降低。与未经治疗的癫痫患者相比，接受抗癫痫药物治疗的癫痫患者的铜、镁和锌浓度均明显改变。设计选择性恢复锌水平的治疗方法可能是治疗癫痫患者的一种策略。这些离子是否是癫痫发生的原因或辅助因子仍不清楚。了解各种抗癫痫药物对微量元素动态平衡的影响，将来可能有助于有效地指导适当的治疗策略。
