Nagle Christina M, Wilson Louise F, Hughes Maria Celia B, Ibiebele Torukiri I, Miura Kyoko, Bain Christopher J, Whiteman David C, Webb Penelope M
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland.
School of Public Health, The University of Queensland.
Aust N Z J Public Health. 2015 Oct;39(5):422-8. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.12449.
To estimate the number and proportion of cancers occurring in Australia in 2010 attributable to consumption deficits in fruit, non-starchy vegetables and dietary fibre.
We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) for cancers causally associated with inadequate intake of fruit and non-starchy vegetables (oral cavity, pharynx, oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, stomach, larynx); inadequate intake of fruit (lung); and insufficient intake of fibre (colorectum). We used standard formulae incorporating prevalence of exposure (1995 National Nutrition Survey) and relative risks from independent studies.
Overall, 1,555 (1.4% of all) and 311 (0.3% of all) cancers were attributable to inadequate intakes of fruit and non-starchy vegetables, respectively. A further 2,609 colorectal cancers (18% of colorectal) were attributable to insufficient fibre intake. If Australians increased their fibre intake by eating the recommended daily intakes of fruit and vegetables, an estimated 1,293 (8.8%) colorectal cancers could be prevented.
One in six colorectal cancer cases was attributable to inadequate intake of dietary fibre and about 1,800 cancers at other sites were attributable to insufficient fruit and non-starchy vegetable consumption.
Increasing the proportion of Australians who consume the recommended intake of fruit, vegetables and fibre could prevent up to 4% of all cancers.
估算2010年澳大利亚因水果、非淀粉类蔬菜和膳食纤维摄入不足而引发的癌症数量及比例。
我们估算了与水果和非淀粉类蔬菜摄入不足（口腔、咽、食管鳞状细胞癌、胃、喉）、水果摄入不足（肺癌）以及膳食纤维摄入不足（结肠直肠癌）有因果关系的癌症的人群归因分数（PAF）。我们使用了包含暴露患病率（1995年全国营养调查）和独立研究中的相对风险的标准公式。
总体而言，分别有1555例（占所有癌症的1.4%）和311例（占所有癌症的0.3%）癌症可归因于水果和非淀粉类蔬菜摄入不足。另有2609例结肠直肠癌（占结肠直肠癌的18%）可归因于膳食纤维摄入不足。如果澳大利亚人通过按推荐的每日摄入量食用水果和蔬菜来增加膳食纤维摄入量，则估计可预防1293例（8.8%）结肠直肠癌。
六分之一的结肠直肠癌病例可归因于膳食纤维摄入不足，其他部位约1800例癌症可归因于水果和非淀粉类蔬菜消费不足。
提高达到推荐摄入量的水果、蔬菜和膳食纤维摄入量的澳大利亚人的比例，可预防高达4%的所有癌症。
