Tomkovich Sarah, Jobin Christian
Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Immunology. 2016 Jan;147(1):1-10. doi: 10.1111/imm.12538. Epub 2015 Nov 2.
A complex relationship between the microbiota and the host emerges early at birth and continues throughout life. The microbiota includes the prokaryotes, viruses and eukaryotes living among us, all of which interact to different extents with various organs and tissues in the body, including the immune system. Although the microbiota is most dense in the lower intestine, its influence on host immunity extends beyond the gastrointestinal tract. These interactions with the immune system operate through the actions of various microbial structures and metabolites, with outcomes ranging from beneficial to deleterious for the host. These differential outcomes are dictated by host factors, environment, and the type of microbes or products present in a specific ecosystem. It is also becoming clear that the microbes are in turn affected and respond to the host immune system. Disruption of this complex dialogue between host and microbiota can lead to immune pathologies such as inflammatory bowel diseases, diabetes and obesity. This review will discuss recent advances regarding the ways in which the host immune system and microbiota interact and communicate with one another.
微生物群与宿主之间的复杂关系在出生时就已初步形成，并贯穿一生。微生物群包括生活在我们体内的原核生物、病毒和真核生物，它们都与身体的各种器官和组织（包括免疫系统）在不同程度上相互作用。尽管微生物群在小肠下部最为密集，但其对宿主免疫的影响超出了胃肠道。这些与免疫系统的相互作用通过各种微生物结构和代谢产物的作用来实现，其结果对宿主而言既有有益的，也有有害的。这些不同的结果取决于宿主因素、环境以及特定生态系统中存在的微生物或产物的类型。越来越清楚的是，微生物反过来也会受到宿主免疫系统的影响并做出反应。宿主与微生物群之间这种复杂对话的中断会导致免疫性疾病，如炎症性肠病、糖尿病和肥胖症。本综述将讨论宿主免疫系统与微生物群相互作用和交流方式的最新进展。
