Steinmassl P-A, Steinmassl O, Kraus G, Dumfahrt H, Grunert I
University Hospital for Dental Prosthetics and Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
University Hospital for Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
J Oral Rehabil. 2016 Apr;43(4):286-90. doi: 10.1111/joor.12359. Epub 2015 Oct 6.
Removable dentures are a non-invasive, cost-effective prosthodontic solution for the reduced dentition. Their intended purpose is the rehabilitation of harmonious oral function and aesthetics on a long-term basis. The prevalence of removable dentures among patients of advanced age is high and the quality of the dentures is often poor. The aim of this study was to find the most important shortcomings of removable dentures and address the main targets for improving the quality of prosthodontic rehabilitation. The records from dental check-ups in Austrian residential homes were analysed retrospectively. Dental anamnesis questionnaires and data from the clinical examinations of 105 denture wearers were analysed. The functional condition and retention of 192 dentures had been assessed, as well as the impact of the dentures on the intra-oral tissues. Insufficient denture retention was very common, particularly in the lower jaw (56·0%). Problems with the masticatory function were reported by 26.7% of the denture wearers, 11·4% were dissatisfied with the denture aesthetics, and 4·8% had difficulties with phonetics. Traumatic ulcers were found in 18·1%. Cracks, broken pieces (6·3%) or missing denture teeth (2·1%) were rare. It may be assumed that the findings of the present study also apply to a great percentage of community-dwelling seniors. The most important issues in prosthodontic rehabilitation with removable dentures are denture retention and masticatory function. Regular dental check-ups, denture adjustment and, when necessary, relining can maintain the primary denture quality and prevent damages of the oral tissues caused by ill-fitting dentures.
可摘义齿是一种用于牙列缺损的非侵入性、经济有效的修复解决方案。其预期目的是长期恢复和谐的口腔功能和美观。可摘义齿在老年患者中的患病率很高，且义齿质量往往较差。本研究的目的是找出可摘义齿最重要的缺点，并确定改善修复治疗质量的主要目标。对奥地利养老院牙科检查记录进行了回顾性分析。分析了105名义齿佩戴者的牙科病史问卷和临床检查数据。评估了192副义齿的功能状况和固位情况，以及义齿对口腔组织的影响。义齿固位不足非常常见，尤其是在下颌（56.0%）。26.7%的义齿佩戴者报告有咀嚼功能问题，11.4%对义齿美观不满意，4.8%存在发音困难。发现18.1%有创伤性溃疡。义齿出现裂纹、破碎（6.3%）或牙齿缺失（2.1%）的情况很少见。可以假定本研究的结果也适用于很大比例的社区老年人。可摘义齿修复治疗中最重要的问题是义齿固位和咀嚼功能。定期牙科检查、义齿调整以及必要时重衬可以维持义齿的初始质量，并防止因义齿不合适而导致的口腔组织损伤。
