Reesink H W, van der Poel C L
Amsterdam Red Cross Blood Bank, The Netherlands.
Blut. 1989 Jan;58(1):1-6. doi: 10.1007/BF00320227.
The incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH) in recipients of blood products is reviewed. PTH was observed in 10%-12% of recipients of blood products in the United States, 2%-4% in northern Europe and 15%-20% in southern Europe. All studies indicate that 80%-90% of all PTH cases are attributed to non-A/non-B. At least 40% of the patients with PTH non-A/non-B will develop chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. No specific tests for the detection of the non-A/non-B agent(s) exist. However, several independent studies indicate that part of the donors carrying the infectious non-A/non-B agent have increased levels of alanine amino transferase (ALT). When donors are excluded with elevated ALT values, it is estimated that about 30% of the PTH non-A/non-B cases would be prevented. Some studies indicate that anti-hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) positive donors may carry an increased risk to transmit the non-A/non-B agent, but more recent studies do not confirm this. There is hope that a specific non-A/non-B test will be developed soon.
本文综述了血液制品接受者中输血后肝炎（PTH）的发病率。在美国，10%-12%的血液制品接受者会出现PTH；在北欧，这一比例为2%-4%；而在南欧则为15%-20%。所有研究表明，所有PTH病例中有80%-90%归因于非甲非乙型肝炎。至少40%的非甲非乙型PTH患者会发展为慢性肝炎或肝硬化。目前尚无检测非甲非乙型肝炎病原体的特异性检测方法。然而，多项独立研究表明，部分携带传染性非甲非乙型肝炎病原体的献血者丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平升高。当排除ALT值升高的献血者时，据估计约30%的非甲非乙型PTH病例可得到预防。一些研究表明，抗乙型肝炎核心抗体（抗-HBc）阳性的献血者传播非甲非乙型肝炎病原体的风险可能增加，但最近的研究并未证实这一点。人们希望不久能开发出一种特异性的非甲非乙型肝炎检测方法。
