衡量学术医学领域的多样性与包容性：多样性参与度调查。
Measuring Diversity and Inclusion in Academic Medicine: The Diversity Engagement Survey.
作者信息
Person Sharina D, Jordan C Greer, Allison Jeroan J, Fink Ogawa Lisa M, Castillo-Page Laura, Conrad Sarah, Nivet Marc A, Plummer Deborah L
机构信息
S.D. Person is associate professor, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts. C.G. Jordan is associate vice chancellor, Diversity and Inclusion, and assistant professor, Departments of Nursing, Psychiatry, and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts. J.J. Allison is associate vice provost, Health Disparities Research, and vice chair and professor, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts. L.M. Fink Ogawa is clinical assistant professor and director, Quality and Safety Scholarship, University of Kansas Medical Center School of Nursing, Kansas City, Kansas. L. Castillo-Page is senior director, Diversity Policy and Programs and Organizational Capacity Building Portfolio, Association of American Medical Colleges, Washington, DC. S. Conrad is senior research analyst, Association of American Medical Colleges, Washington, DC. M.A. Nivet is chief diversity officer, Association of American Medical Colleges, Washington, DC. D.L. Plummer is vice chancellor, Diversity and Inclusion, and professor, Departments of Psychiatry, Quantitative Health Sciences, and Nursing, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
出版信息
Acad Med. 2015 Dec;90(12):1675-83. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000921.
PURPOSE
To produce a physician and scientific workforce that advances high-quality research and culturally competent care, academic medical centers (AMCs) must assess their capacity for diversity and inclusion and leverage opportunities for improvement. The Diversity Engagement Survey (DES) is presented as a diagnostic and benchmarking tool.
METHOD
The 22-item DES consists of eight factors that connect engagement theory to inclusion and diversity constructs. It was piloted at 1 AMC and then administered at 13 additional U.S. AMCs in 2011-2012. Face and content validity were assessed through a review panel. Cronbach alpha was used to assess internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to establish construct validity. Cluster analysis was conducted to establish ability of the DES to distinguish between institutions' degrees of engagement and inclusion. Criterion validity was established using observed differences in scores for demographic groups as suggested by the literature.
RESULTS
The sample included 13,694 respondents across 14 AMCs. Cronbach alphas for the engagement and inclusion factors (range: 0.68-0.85), CFA fit indices, and item correlations with latent constructs indicated an acceptable model fit and that items measured the intended concepts. Cluster analysis of DES scores distinguished institutions with higher, middle, and lower degrees of engagement and inclusion by their respondents. Consistent with the literature, black, Hispanic/Latino, female, and LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) respondents reported lower degrees of engagement than their counterparts.
CONCLUSIONS
The DES is a reliable and valid instrument for assessment, evaluation, and external benchmarking of institutional engagement and inclusion.
目的
为培养推动高质量研究和具有文化胜任力医疗服务的医师及科研人员队伍，学术医疗中心（AMC）必须评估其在多样性和包容性方面的能力，并利用改进机会。本文介绍了多样性参与度调查（DES）这一诊断和基准工具。
方法
包含22个条目的DES由八个因素组成，这些因素将参与理论与包容性和多样性结构联系起来。该调查先在一家AMC进行试点，然后于2011 - 2012年在美国另外13家AMC开展。通过评审小组评估表面效度和内容效度。使用克朗巴哈α系数评估内部一致性。采用验证性因子分析（CFA）确定结构效度。进行聚类分析以确定DES区分不同机构参与度和包容度的能力。按照文献建议，利用不同人口统计学群体得分的观察差异确定效标效度。
结果
样本包括来自14家AMC的13694名受访者。参与度和包容度因素的克朗巴哈α系数（范围：(0.68 - 0.85)）、CFA拟合指数以及各条目与潜在结构的相关性表明模型拟合度可接受，且各条目测量了预期概念。对DES得分进行聚类分析，按受访者区分出参与度和包容度较高、中等及较低的机构。与文献一致，黑人、西班牙裔/拉丁裔、女性以及女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、跨性别者、酷儿（LGBTQ）受访者报告的参与度低于其对应群体。
结论
DES是用于机构参与度和包容度评估、评价及外部基准比较的可靠且有效的工具。
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