Newlin D B
Department of Psychology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1989 Feb;13(1):36-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00280.x.
Pavlovian conditioning studies with alcohol in humans have been performed exclusively with men subjects. Men demonstrate a placebo response opposite in direction to alcohol, which Newlin (Alcohol Clin Exp Res 9:411-416, 1985) termed an antagonistic placebo response. The current study used normal women subjects given alcohol, placebo, or a soft drink control. Placebo significantly (p less than 0.05) increased heart rate compared to the control condition, and this placebo response was in the same direction as the effect of alcohol. The correlation of heart rate change with reported intoxication was +0.44 in women, when it was negative in men (Newlin DB: Alcohol Clin Exp Res 9:411-416, 1985). These results, when considered in relation to other data concerning individual differences in antagonistic placebo responding, suggest a pattern in which risk for alcoholism is negatively related to placebo responding.
针对人类进行的与酒精有关的巴甫洛夫条件反射研究仅以男性为研究对象。男性表现出与酒精方向相反的安慰剂反应，纽林（《酒精临床与实验研究》9：411 - 416，1985年）将其称为拮抗安慰剂反应。本研究使用正常女性受试者，给予她们酒精、安慰剂或软饮料作为对照。与对照条件相比，安慰剂显著（p小于0.05）提高了心率，并且这种安慰剂反应与酒精的作用方向相同。女性心率变化与报告的醉酒程度之间的相关性为 +0.44，而男性的该相关性为负（纽林DB：《酒精临床与实验研究》9：411 - 416，1985年）。这些结果，结合其他关于拮抗安慰剂反应个体差异的数据来看，表明了一种模式，即酒精成瘾风险与安慰剂反应呈负相关。
