Scalese Marco, Bastiani Luca, Salvadori Stefano, Gori Mercedes, Lewis Isabella, Jarre Paolo, Molinaro Sabrina
Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, PI, Italy.
School of Critical Studies, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
J Gambl Stud. 2016 Sep;32(3):1017-26. doi: 10.1007/s10899-015-9579-1.
The origin of gambling disorders is uncertain; however, research has shown a tendency to focus on specific types of games as a potential important risk factor. The principal aim of this study is to examine the relationships between types of gambling practices and gambling disorder. The data were extracted from IPSAD-Italia(®) 2010-2011 (Italian Population Survey on Alcohol and other Drugs), a survey among the Italian general population which collects socio-cultural information, information about the use of drugs, legal substances and gambling habits. In order to identify the "problem gambler" we used the Problem Gambling Severity Index. Three groups are considered in this analysis: no-risk gamblers, low-risk gamblers, moderate-risk/problem gamblers. Type of gambling practice was considered among two types of gambler: one-game players and multi-games players. 1.9 % of multi-game players were considered problem gamblers, only 0.6 % of one-game players were problem gamblers (p < 0.001). The percentage of players who were low and moderate-risk gamblers was approximately double among multi-game players, with 14.4 % low-risk and 5.8 % moderate-risk; compared with 7.7 % low-risk and 2.5 % moderate risk among one-game players. Results of ordinal logistic regression analysis confirmed that higher level of gambling severity was associated with multi-game players (OR = 2.23, p < 0.0001). Video-poker/slot-machines show the highest association with gambling severity among both one-game players and multi-game players, with scores of OR equal to 4.3 and 4.5 respectively. These findings suggest a popular perception of risk associated with this type of gambling for the development of gambling problems.
赌博障碍的起源尚不确定；然而，研究表明倾向于将特定类型的游戏视为一个潜在的重要风险因素。本研究的主要目的是考察赌博行为类型与赌博障碍之间的关系。数据取自IPSAD-Italia(®) 2010 - 2011（意大利酒精及其他药物人口调查），这是一项针对意大利普通人群的调查，收集社会文化信息、药物使用信息、合法物质及赌博习惯信息。为了识别“问题赌徒”，我们使用了问题赌博严重程度指数。本分析考虑了三组人群：无风险赌徒、低风险赌徒、中度风险/问题赌徒。赌博行为类型在两类赌徒中进行考量：单一游戏玩家和多种游戏玩家。1.9%的多种游戏玩家被视为问题赌徒，而单一游戏玩家中只有0.6%是问题赌徒（p < 0.001）。低风险和中度风险赌徒在多种游戏玩家中的比例约为单一游戏玩家的两倍，多种游戏玩家中低风险的占14.4%，中度风险的占5.8%；相比之下，单一游戏玩家中低风险的占7.7%，中度风险的占2.5%。有序逻辑回归分析结果证实，赌博严重程度较高与多种游戏玩家相关（OR = 2.23，p < 0.0001）。视频扑克/老虎机在单一游戏玩家和多种游戏玩家中与赌博严重程度的关联度最高，OR值分别为4.3和4.5。这些发现表明，人们普遍认为此类赌博与赌博问题的发展存在风险关联。
