School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
, Sophro, UK.
J Gambl Stud. 2021 Sep;37(3):1007-1024. doi: 10.1007/s10899-021-10033-2. Epub 2021 May 10.
Scratch cards (SCs) or tickets are lottery-based games which are played by scratching to reveal numbers, letters or symbols to win prizes. Such activities have sometimes been likened to paper-based slot-machines, but relatively little systematic analyses have been conducted to examine the risk or harm associated with these activities. In this paper, we provide a narrative review of the peer-reviewed literature relating to the potential association between SCs and problem gambling and what is known from publically available data sources (e.g., prevalence studies and treatment data). Evidence is analysed within the context of the Bradford Hill Criteria. Both prevalence and peer reviewed literature suggest that SCs are less strongly associated with problem gambling than most other gambling activities. We argue that this difference is due to the nature of the products. SC gambling differs from slot-machine gambling in a number of structural ways; it is less continuous; has a slower event frequency; and, emerging literature suggests that near-miss design features are unlikely to have a significant impact upon behaviour. Thus, in our view, and based on the empirical evidence, it appears that earlier parallels between SCs and slot-machines now appear more tenuous. Nevertheless, we encourage further investigation into the potential impact of new and emerging online lottery products because of the more immersive, faster and more technology-based nature of these products.
刮刮卡（SCs）或彩票是基于彩票的游戏，玩家通过刮开涂层来揭示数字、字母或符号以赢得奖品。这些活动有时被比作纸质老虎机，但相对较少有系统的分析来研究这些活动与风险或危害的关联。在本文中，我们对有关 SCs 与赌博问题之间潜在关联的同行评议文献进行了叙述性综述，并从公开可用的数据源（例如，流行率研究和治疗数据）中了解到了相关信息。证据是在布拉德福德·希尔标准的背景下进行分析的。流行率和同行评议文献都表明，与大多数其他赌博活动相比，SC 与赌博问题的关联性较弱。我们认为，这种差异是由于产品的性质所致。SC 赌博在许多结构方面与老虎机赌博不同；它的连续性较弱；事件频率较慢；而且，新兴文献表明，接近亏损的设计特点不太可能对行为产生重大影响。因此，在我们看来，根据经验证据，SC 与老虎机之间的早期相似之处现在似乎更加脆弱。然而，我们鼓励进一步研究新出现的在线彩票产品的潜在影响，因为这些产品具有更具沉浸感、更快和更基于技术的性质。
