Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015 Dec;59:64-82. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.10.005. Epub 2015 Oct 22.
Problematic behaviors have emerged with the exponential development of the Internet access, with some individuals failing to constrain their Internet use despite its negative impact on their daily lives. Recent neuropsychological and neuroscience studies have suggested that problematic Internet use is notably associated with increased cue-reactivity and reduced inhibitory control. This review of the electroencephalography (EEG) literature shows that most studies have found that impaired self-control abilities (i.e., inhibition and error monitoring) are associated with underactivated frontal regions in problematic Internet users (PIUs). However, some EEG studies in the domain have also demonstrated alterations in the processing of Internet-related cues and emotional stimuli. As a whole, these data therefore suggest that both reflective (top-down) and automatic/affective (bottom-up) systems, postulated by dual-process models as being determinants in decision making, are impaired among PIUs. On this basis, new research avenues are proposed to better understand the development and maintenance of problematic Internet use, according to six main directions respectively related to (1) the identification of vulnerability biomarkers, (2) the investigation of possible lower level cognitive impairments, (3) the exploration of core reflective and automatic/affective symptoms, (4) the evaluation of Internet use heterogeneity and comorbidities, (5) the development of new neuroscience strategies and (6) the elaboration of behavioral and cognitive interventions.
随着互联网的飞速发展，出现了一些问题行为，尽管互联网对日常生活有负面影响，但有些人还是无法控制自己的上网时间。最近的神经心理学和神经科学研究表明，过度使用互联网与增加线索反应和减少抑制控制显著相关。本文对脑电图（EEG）文献进行综述，结果表明，大多数研究发现，自我控制能力受损（即抑制和错误监控）与问题互联网使用者（PIU）的额叶区域活动不足有关。然而，一些该领域的脑电图研究也表明，PIU 对与互联网相关的线索和情绪刺激的处理发生了改变。总的来说，这些数据表明，双加工模型假设的决策制定中的反射（自上而下）和自动/情感（自下而上）系统在 PIU 中都受到了损害。在此基础上，提出了新的研究方向，以根据以下六个主要方向更好地理解问题性互联网使用的发展和维持：（1）确定易损性生物标志物；（2）调查可能存在的认知损伤；（3）探索核心的反射和自动/情感症状；（4）评估互联网使用的异质性和共病；（5）开发新的神经科学策略；（6）阐述行为和认知干预。
