Current perspectives on substance abuse in youth.

The literature on substance abuse in youth is reviewed and current terminology is defined. Perspectives are presented on epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, prevention, treatment, outcome, associated problems, issues of interface with other professionals, and directions for future research. Substance abuse in children and adolescents is a major public health problem. The definitive cause is unknown; there is a progression from legal to illegal drugs. Prevention methods are most effectively aimed at stopping initial use, and treatment remains variable. Child and adolescent psychiatrists are encouraged to become more involved in the problem.