MacRae Siobhan, Brown Michael, Karatzias Thanos, Taggart Laurence, Truesdale-Kennedy Maria, Walley Robert, Sierka Anna, Northway Ruth, Carey Marian, Davies Melanie
Edinburgh Napier University, Faculty of Health, Life and Social Sciences, UK.
Edinburgh Napier University, Faculty of Health, Life and Social Sciences, UK; NHS Lothian Specialist Learning Disability Services, UK.
Res Dev Disabil. 2015 Dec;47:352-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.10.003. Epub 2015 Oct 23.
To present an analysis of the evidence related to the prevalence of diabetes in people with intellectual disabilities (ID), their experiences of their condition and treatment and those of their carers.
A systematic literature review was conducted. A total of 22 studies exploring diabetes prevalence and 5 exploring views and experiences of diabetes in people with ID were identified and included. A narrative synthesis approach was utilised to amalgamate data extracted from the included studies regarding some 49,046 participants with ID and diabetes and 31 care professionals and family members across Europe, North America, New Zealand, Australia, China and Hong Kong.
Prevalence rates of diabetes in people with ID were highly varied, ranging from 0.4% to 25%. 7 studies reported significantly higher rates of diabetes in people with ID than the general population. People with ID reported a basic understanding of diabetes and wanted to know more. Carers reported that they lack diabetes knowledge and do not routinely encourage diabetes self-management skills. Several studies neglected to report vital demographic information such as participants' level of ID (13 studies) and diabetes type (16 studies) and the quality of included prevalence studies was variable.
Further research in this field is required, notably prevalence studies which control for participant demographics and personal situations to obtain more accurate diabetes prevalence rates in this population group. People with ID and diabetes should be encouraged to participate in future research and we recommend exploring the feasibility of adapting current mainstream diabetes management programmes for these individuals.
对与智力残疾（ID）患者的糖尿病患病率、他们对自身病情及治疗的体验以及其护理人员的相关证据进行分析。
进行了一项系统的文献综述。共确定并纳入了22项探索糖尿病患病率的研究以及5项探索ID患者对糖尿病的看法和体验的研究。采用叙述性综合方法来整合从纳入研究中提取的数据，这些研究涉及欧洲、北美、新西兰、澳大利亚、中国和中国香港的约49,046名患有ID和糖尿病的参与者以及31名护理专业人员和家庭成员。
ID患者的糖尿病患病率差异很大，从0.4%到25%不等。7项研究报告称，ID患者的糖尿病患病率显著高于普通人群。ID患者表示对糖尿病有基本了解，并希望了解更多。护理人员报告称，他们缺乏糖尿病知识，也不经常鼓励患者掌握糖尿病自我管理技能。几项研究未报告重要的人口统计学信息，如参与者的ID水平（13项研究）和糖尿病类型（16项研究），且纳入的患病率研究质量参差不齐。
该领域需要进一步开展研究，尤其是进行患病率研究，要对参与者的人口统计学特征和个人情况进行控制，以获取该人群更准确的糖尿病患病率。应鼓励患有ID和糖尿病的患者参与未来的研究，我们建议探索调整当前主流糖尿病管理方案以适用于这些个体的可行性。
