Collins Loel, Collins Dave
a Institute for Coaching and Performance , University of Central Lancashire , Preston , UK.
J Sports Sci. 2016;34(13):1231-9. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1105379. Epub 2015 Oct 30.
This qualitative study presents the view that coaching practice places demands on the coach's adaptability and flexibility. These requirements for being adaptive and flexible are met through a careful process of professional judgement and decision-making based on context-appropriate bodies of knowledge. Adventure sports coaches were selected for study on the basis that adventure sports create a hyper-dynamic environment in which these features can be examined. Thematic analysis revealed that coaches were generally well informed and practised with respect to the technical aspects of their sporting disciplines. Less positively, however, they often relied on ad hoc contextualisation of generalised theories of coaching practice to respond to the hyper-dynamic environments encountered in adventure sports. We propose that coaching practice reflects the demands of the environment, individual learning needs of the students and the task at hand. Together, these factors outwardly resemble a constraints-led approach but, we suggest, actually reflect manipulation of these parameters from a cognitive rather than an ecological perspective. This process is facilitated by a refined judgement and decision-making process, sophisticated epistemology and an explicit interaction of coaching components.
这项定性研究表明，教练实践对教练的适应性和灵活性提出了要求。通过基于与情境相适应的知识体系进行仔细的专业判断和决策过程，可以满足这些适应性和灵活性的要求。选择冒险运动教练进行研究，是因为冒险运动创造了一个超动态的环境，在这个环境中可以考察这些特征。主题分析表明，教练们通常对其运动项目的技术方面了解充分并能熟练运用。然而，不太乐观的是，他们常常依赖对教练实践的一般理论进行临时情境化处理，以应对冒险运动中遇到的超动态环境。我们认为，教练实践反映了环境的要求、学生的个体学习需求以及手头的任务。这些因素共同作用，表面上类似于一种以限制为导向的方法，但我们认为，实际上是从认知而非生态的角度对这些参数进行操纵。一个精细的判断和决策过程、复杂的认识论以及教练各组成部分的明确互动促进了这一过程。
