Taurino Irene, Sanzó Gabriella, Mazzei Franco, Favero Gabriele, De Micheli Giovanni, Carrara Sandro
Laboratory of Integrated Systems, EPFL - École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2015 Oct 30;5:15277. doi: 10.1038/srep15277.
Novel methods to obtain Pt nanostructured electrodes have raised particular interest due to their high performance in electrochemistry. Several nanostructuration methods proposed in the literature use costly and bulky equipment or are time-consuming due to the numerous steps they involve. Here, Pt nanostructures were produced for the first time by one-step template-free electrodeposition on Pt bare electrodes. The change in size and shape of the nanostructures is proven to be dependent on the deposition parameters and on the ratio between sulphuric acid and chloride-complexes (i.e., hexachloroplatinate or tetrachloroplatinate). To further improve the electrochemical properties of electrodes, depositions of Pt nanostructures on previously synthesised Pt nanostructures are also performed. The electroactive surface areas exhibit a two order of magnitude improvement when Pt nanostructures with the smallest size are used. All the biosensors based on Pt nanostructures and immobilised glucose oxidase display higher sensitivity as compared to bare Pt electrodes. Pt nanostructures retained an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the direct oxidation of glucose. Finally, the nanodeposits were proven to be an excellent solid contact for ion measurements, significantly improving the time-stability of the potential. The use of these new nanostructured coatings in electrochemical sensors opens new perspectives for multipanel monitoring of human metabolism.
由于其在电化学方面的高性能，获取铂纳米结构电极的新方法引起了特别关注。文献中提出的几种纳米结构化方法使用昂贵且笨重的设备，或者由于涉及众多步骤而耗时。在此，首次通过在裸铂电极上进行一步无模板电沉积制备了铂纳米结构。已证明纳米结构的尺寸和形状变化取决于沉积参数以及硫酸与氯络合物（即六氯铂酸盐或四氯铂酸盐）之间的比例。为了进一步改善电极的电化学性能，还进行了在先前合成的铂纳米结构上沉积铂纳米结构的操作。当使用尺寸最小的铂纳米结构时，电活性表面积提高了两个数量级。与裸铂电极相比，所有基于铂纳米结构和固定化葡萄糖氧化酶的生物传感器都表现出更高的灵敏度。铂纳米结构对葡萄糖的直接氧化保持了优异的电催化活性。最后，已证明纳米沉积物是用于离子测量的优异固体接触，显著提高了电位的时间稳定性。这些新型纳米结构涂层在电化学传感器中的应用为人体代谢的多参数监测开辟了新的前景。
