Kamińska Marzena, Ciszewski Tomasz, Łopacka-Szatan Karolina, Miotła Paweł, Starosławska Elżbieta
Clinical Oncology Ward, St. John's Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland.
2 Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
Prz Menopauzalny. 2015 Sep;14(3):196-202. doi: 10.5114/pm.2015.54346. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed neoplastic disease in women around menopause often leading to a significant reduction of these women's ability to function normally in everyday life. The increased breast cancer incidence observed in epidemiological studies in a group of women actively participating in social and professional life implicates the necessity of conducting multidirectional studies in order to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of this type of neoplasm. Taking the possibility of influencing the neoplastic transformation process in individuals as a criterion, all the risk factors initiating the process can be divided into two groups. The first group would include inherent factors such as age, sex, race, genetic makeup promoting familial occurrence of the neoplastic disease or the occurrence of benign proliferative lesions of the mammary gland. They all constitute independent parameters and do not undergo simple modification in the course of an individual's life. The second group would include extrinsic factors conditioned by lifestyle, diet or long-term medical intervention such as using oral hormonal contraceptives or hormonal replacement therapy and their influence on the neoplastic process may be modified to a certain degree. Identification of modifiable factors may contribute to development of prevention strategies decreasing breast cancer incidence.
乳腺癌是围绝经期女性中最常被诊断出的肿瘤性疾病，常常导致这些女性在日常生活中正常功能的显著下降。在积极参与社会和职业生活的一组女性中进行的流行病学研究观察到乳腺癌发病率上升，这意味着有必要进行多方向研究，以确定与这类肿瘤发生相关的风险因素。以影响个体肿瘤转化过程的可能性为标准，启动该过程的所有风险因素可分为两组。第一组包括内在因素，如年龄、性别、种族、促进肿瘤性疾病家族发生的基因构成或乳腺良性增生性病变的发生。它们都是独立的参数，在个体生命过程中不会经历简单的改变。第二组包括由生活方式、饮食或长期医疗干预所决定的外在因素，如使用口服激素避孕药或激素替代疗法，它们对肿瘤过程的影响在一定程度上可能会被改变。识别可改变的因素可能有助于制定降低乳腺癌发病率的预防策略。
