Castillo Natalia A, Valdez Alejandra L, Fariña Julia I
Laboratorio de Biotecnología Fúngica, Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos-CONICET San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina ; Cátedra de Micología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
Laboratorio de Biotecnología Fúngica, Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos-CONICET San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina ; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
Front Microbiol. 2015 Oct 15;6:1106. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01106. eCollection 2015.
Synthetic petroleum-based polymers and natural plant polymers have the disadvantage of restricted sources, in addition to the non-biodegradability of the former ones. In contrast, eco-sustainable microbial polysaccharides, of low-cost and standardized production, represent an alternative to address this situation. With a strong global market, they attracted worldwide attention because of their novel and unique physico-chemical properties as well as varied industrial applications, and many of them are promptly becoming economically competitive. Scleroglucan, a β-1,3-β-1,6-glucan secreted by Sclerotium fungi, exhibits high potential for commercialization and may show different branching frequency, side-chain length, and/or molecular weight depending on the producing strain or culture conditions. Water-solubility, viscosifying ability and wide stability over temperature, pH and salinity make scleroglucan useful for different biotechnological (enhanced oil recovery, food additives, drug delivery, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, biocompatible materials, etc.), and biomedical (immunoceutical, antitumor, etc.) applications. It can be copiously produced at bioreactor scale under standardized conditions, where a high exopolysaccharide concentration normally governs the process optimization. Operative and nutritional conditions, as well as the incidence of scleroglucan downstream processing will be discussed in this chapter. The relevance of using standardized inocula from selected strains and experiences concerning the intricate scleroglucan scaling-up will be also herein outlined.
合成石油基聚合物和天然植物聚合物除了前者不可生物降解外，还存在来源受限的缺点。相比之下，生态可持续的微生物多糖生产成本低且生产标准化，是解决这一情况的一种替代方案。由于其新颖独特的物理化学性质以及多样的工业应用，微生物多糖在全球市场强劲，吸引了全球关注，其中许多正迅速在经济上具有竞争力。硬葡聚糖是一种由核盘菌属真菌分泌的β-1,3-β-1,6-葡聚糖，具有很高的商业化潜力，并且根据生产菌株或培养条件的不同，可能表现出不同的分支频率、侧链长度和/或分子量。硬葡聚糖的水溶性、增粘能力以及在温度、pH值和盐度方面的广泛稳定性使其可用于不同的生物技术（提高石油采收率、食品添加剂、药物递送、化妆品和药品、生物相容性材料等）和生物医学（免疫制剂、抗肿瘤等）应用。它可以在标准化条件下在生物反应器规模大量生产，其中通常由高胞外多糖浓度来控制工艺优化。本章将讨论操作和营养条件以及硬葡聚糖下游加工的影响。还将概述使用来自选定菌株的标准化接种物的相关性以及有关复杂的硬葡聚糖放大生产的经验。
