Hojhabrimanesh Abdollah, Akhlaghi Masoumeh, Rahmani Elham, Amanat Sasan, Atefi Masoumeh, Najafi Maryam, Hashemzadeh Maral, Salehi Saedeh, Faghih Shiva
Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Research Center for Health Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Eur J Nutr. 2017 Feb;56(1):399-408. doi: 10.1007/s00394-015-1090-z. Epub 2015 Nov 3.
The dietary determinants of adolescent blood pressure (BP) are not well understood. We determined the association between major dietary patterns and BP in a sample of Iranian adolescents.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample (n = 557) of Shirazi adolescents aged 12-19 years. Participants' systolic and diastolic BP was measured using a validated oscillometric BP monitor. Usual dietary intakes during the past 12 months were assessed using a valid and reproducible 168-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Principal component factor analysis was used to identify major dietary patterns based on a set of 25 predefined food groups.
Overall, three major dietary patterns were identified, among which only the Western pattern (abundant in soft drinks, sweets and desserts, salt, mayonnaise, tea and coffee, salty snacks, high-fat dairy products, French fries, and red or processed meats) had a significant association with BP. After adjusting for potential confounders in the analysis of covariance models, multivariable adjusted means of the systolic and mean BP of subjects in the highest tertile of the Western pattern score were significantly higher than those in the lowest tertile (for systolic BP: mean difference 6.9 mmHg, P = 0.001; and for mean BP: mean difference 4.2 mmHg, P = 0.003). A similar but statistically insignificant difference was observed in terms of diastolic BP.
The findings suggest that a Western dietary pattern is associated with higher BP in Iranian adolescents. However, additional large-scale prospective studies with adequate methodological quality are required to confirm these findings.
青少年血压（BP）的饮食决定因素尚未完全明确。我们在一组伊朗青少年样本中确定了主要饮食模式与血压之间的关联。
本横断面研究在设拉子市12 - 19岁青少年的代表性样本（n = 557）中进行。使用经过验证的示波血压监测仪测量参与者的收缩压和舒张压。通过面对面访谈，使用有效且可重复的168项半定量食物频率问卷评估过去12个月的日常饮食摄入量。基于一组25个预定义食物组，采用主成分因子分析来识别主要饮食模式。
总体而言，确定了三种主要饮食模式，其中只有西方模式（富含软饮料、糖果和甜点、盐、蛋黄酱、茶和咖啡、咸味小吃、高脂肪乳制品、薯条以及红肉或加工肉类）与血压有显著关联。在协方差模型分析中对潜在混杂因素进行调整后，西方模式得分最高三分位数的受试者收缩压和平均血压的多变量调整均值显著高于最低三分位数的受试者（收缩压：平均差异6.9 mmHg，P = 0.001；平均血压：平均差异4.2 mmHg，P = 0.003）。在舒张压方面观察到类似但无统计学意义的差异。
研究结果表明，西方饮食模式与伊朗青少年的高血压有关。然而，需要更多具有足够方法学质量的大规模前瞻性研究来证实这些发现。
