Liu Amy Y, Silvestre Marta P, Poppitt Sally D
Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Adv Nutr. 2015 Nov 13;6(6):665-73. doi: 10.3945/an.115.008821. Print 2015 Nov.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence is increasing worldwide, driven by a rapidly changing environment and lifestyle and increasing rates of overweight and obesity. Prevention of diabetes is key and is most likely achieved through prevention of weight gain and/or successful long-term weight loss maintenance. Weight loss is readily achievable but there is considerable challenge in maintaining that weight loss over the long term. Lower-fat carbohydrate-based diets are widely used for T2D prevention. This is supported primarily by 3 successful long-term interventions, the US Diabetes Prevention Program, the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study, and the Chinese Da Qing Study, but evidence is building in support of novel higher-protein (>20% of energy) diets for successful weight loss maintenance and prevention of T2D. Higher-protein diets have the advantage of having relatively low energy density, aiding longer-term appetite suppression, and preserving lean body mass, all central to successful weight loss and prevention of weight regain. Here, we review the carbohydrate-based intervention trials and present mechanistic evidence in support of increased dietary protein for weight loss maintenance and a possible novel role in prevention of dysglycemia and T2D.
2型糖尿病（T2D）的发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势，这是由快速变化的环境和生活方式以及超重和肥胖率的不断上升所驱动的。预防糖尿病是关键，最有可能通过预防体重增加和/或成功长期维持体重减轻来实现。体重减轻很容易实现，但长期维持体重减轻存在相当大的挑战。低脂碳水化合物饮食被广泛用于预防T2D。这主要得到了3项成功的长期干预研究的支持，即美国糖尿病预防计划、芬兰糖尿病预防研究和中国大庆研究，但越来越多的证据支持新型高蛋白（>能量的20%）饮食有助于成功维持体重减轻和预防T2D。高蛋白饮食具有能量密度相对较低的优势，有助于长期抑制食欲，并保留瘦体重，所有这些都是成功减肥和预防体重反弹的关键。在这里，我们回顾了基于碳水化合物的干预试验，并提供了支持增加膳食蛋白质以维持体重减轻以及在预防血糖异常和T2D中可能发挥新作用的机制证据。
