Keenan Katherine, Saburova Lyudmila, Bobrova Natalia, Elbourne Diana, Ashwin Sarah, Leon David A
London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London, United Kingdom.
Izhevsk State Technical University, 7 Studencheskaya Street, Izhevsk, Russia.
PLoS One. 2015 Nov 17;10(11):e0142993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142993. eCollection 2015.
The massive fluctuations occurring in Russian alcohol-related mortality since the mid-1980s cannot be seen outside of the context of great social and economic change. There is a dearth of qualitative studies about Russian male drinking and especially needed are those that address social processes and individual changes in drinking. Conducted as part of a longitudinal study on men's alcohol consumption in Izhevsk, this qualitative study uses 25 semi-structured biographical interviews with men aged 33-60 years to explore life course variation in drinking. The dominant pattern was decreasing binge and frequent drinking as men reached middle age which was precipitated by family building, reductions in drinking with work colleagues, and health concerns. A minority of men described chaotic drinking histories with periods of abstinence and heavy drinking. The results highlight the importance of the blue-collar work environment for conditioning male heavy drinking in young adulthood through a variety of social, normative and structural mechanisms. Post-Soviet changes had a structural influence on the propensity for workplace drinking but the important social function of male drinking sessions remained. Bonding with workmates through heavy drinking was seen as an unavoidable and essential part of young men's social life. With age peer pressure to drink decreased and the need to perform the role of responsible breadwinner put different behavioural demands on men. For some resisting social pressure to drink became an important site of self-determination and a mark of masculine maturity. Over the lifetime the place where masculine identity was asserted shifted from the workplace to the home, which commonly resulted in a reduction in drinking. We contribute to existing theories of Russian male drinking by showing that the performance of age-related social roles influences Russian men's drinking patterns, drinking contexts and their attitudes. Further research should be conducted investigating drinking trajectories in Russian men.
自20世纪80年代中期以来，俄罗斯与酒精相关的死亡率出现了大幅波动，这种情况只有在巨大的社会和经济变革背景下才能理解。目前缺乏关于俄罗斯男性饮酒的定性研究，尤其需要关注饮酒方面社会过程和个体变化的研究。作为对伊热夫斯克男性饮酒情况纵向研究的一部分，这项定性研究采用了对25名年龄在33至60岁之间男性进行的半结构化生平访谈，以探讨饮酒行为在人生历程中的变化。主要模式是随着男性步入中年，暴饮和频繁饮酒的情况减少，这是由组建家庭、与同事饮酒减少以及健康担忧等因素促成的。少数男性描述了混乱的饮酒史，有戒酒期和酗酒期。研究结果凸显了蓝领工作环境在通过各种社会、规范和结构机制来促使年轻成年男性酗酒方面的重要性。苏联解体后的变化对工作场所饮酒的倾向产生了结构性影响，但男性饮酒聚会的重要社会功能依然存在。通过大量饮酒与同事建立联系被视为年轻男性社会生活中不可避免且至关重要的一部分。随着年龄增长，同龄人饮酒的压力减小，而承担有责任感的养家糊口者角色对男性提出了不同的行为要求。对一些人来说，抵制饮酒的社会压力成为自我决定的重要方面和男性成熟的标志。在整个生命周期中，男性身份得以确立的场所从工作场所转移到了家庭，这通常导致饮酒量减少。我们通过表明与年龄相关的社会角色的履行会影响俄罗斯男性的饮酒模式、饮酒环境及其态度，为现有的俄罗斯男性饮酒理论做出了贡献。应进一步开展研究，调查俄罗斯男性的饮酒轨迹。
