Marchetti Anna, Piredda Michela, De Marinis Maria Grazia
Doctoral student, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
Researcher in Nursing Science, Campus Bio Medico, University, Rome, Italy.
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2016 Jan;48(1):31-8. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12178. Epub 2015 Nov 18.
Nursing has based its practical work on contact and a relationship with the patient's body and embodiment; however, the international theoretical and empirical researches on these concepts are still neglected. The purpose of this scoping study is to map the breadth and depth with which body and embodiment are addressed in the Italian nursing literature, identifying the key concepts and the main sources and types of evidence available.
Scoping study with qualitative content analysis. It was conducted in accordance with the framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley and following the recommendations by Levac, Colquhoun, and O'Brien. The qualitative content analysis process was conducted according to Elo and Kyngäs. Lincoln and Guba's technique was followed to ensure trustworthiness.
Searches were conducted within seven electronic databases of peer-reviewed literature, one electronic Italian database, six electronic database searches of grey literature, four free online nursing journals, four Internet search engines, and 10 key hard-copy Italian nursing journals.
Through these searches, 2,536 records were identified, from which 18 were selected for the final review. Three generic categories emerged from qualitative content analysis: the conceptual category, the nursing care category, and the education category, each including eight, seven, and two subcategories, respectively.
The central nursing concepts of body and embodiment definitely require greater and more continuous efforts of theoretical study and empirical research within the nursing discipline, both in Italy and internationally.
A greater awareness of body and embodiment should guide nursing practice in caring for and supporting patients and also guide approaches to teaching and learning. Moreover, body and embodiment are concepts firmly rooted in nursing practice, and they are also ripe for future research and able to generate more holistic and complex ways of understanding patients.
护理工作以与患者身体及具体体现的接触和关系为实践基础；然而，关于这些概念的国际理论和实证研究仍被忽视。本范围综述研究的目的是梳理意大利护理文献中对身体及具体体现的探讨广度和深度，确定关键概念以及现有证据的主要来源和类型。
采用定性内容分析的范围综述研究。研究按照阿克西和奥马利概述的框架并遵循莱瓦克、科尔昆和奥布赖恩的建议进行。定性内容分析过程依据埃洛和京加斯的方法进行。遵循林肯和古巴的技术以确保可信度。
在七个同行评审文献电子数据库、一个意大利电子数据库、六个灰色文献电子数据库搜索、四种免费在线护理期刊、四个互联网搜索引擎以及十份关键的意大利纸质护理期刊中进行检索。
通过这些检索，共识别出2536条记录，从中选取18条进行最终评审。定性内容分析得出三个总体类别：概念类别、护理类别和教育类别，每个类别分别包含八个、七个和两个子类别。
身体及具体体现这两个核心护理概念无疑需要意大利乃至国际护理学科在理论研究和实证研究方面做出更大且更持续的努力。
对身体及具体体现有更高的认识应指导护理实践中对患者的护理与支持，并指导教学方法。此外，身体及具体体现是深深扎根于护理实践的概念，它们也是未来研究成熟的领域，能够产生更全面、复杂的理解患者的方式。
