Jones Bethany Alice, Haycraft Emma, Murjan Sarah, Arcelus Jon
a Nottingham Centre for Gender Dysphoria , Nottingham , UK ;
b School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK.
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2016;28(1):81-94. doi: 10.3109/09540261.2015.1089217. Epub 2015 Nov 30.
Body dissatisfaction plays a prominent role in gender dysphoria. In some individuals body dissatisfaction appears to manifest disordered eating in order to suppress bodily features of natal gender and accentuate features of gender identity. To date, there has been no systematic review of the literature pertaining to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in trans individuals. Such a review may highlight important implications for clinicians working with trans people. Therefore, the aim was to critically and systematically review the available literature examining body dissatisfaction or disordered eating in a trans population, and also the literature pertaining to how body dissatisfaction and disordered eating are related in trans people. This review found three studies that explored disordered eating in trans people, five studies that explored body image and disordered eating in trans people, and 18 studies that explored body image in trans people. The findings from this review suggest that body dissatisfaction is core to the distress trans people experience and that this dissatisfaction may also put some individuals at risk of developing disordered eating. Additionally, the findings appear to suggest that gender dysphoria treatment is successful at increasing body satisfaction and improving body image. The clinical implications are discussed.
身体不满在性别焦虑症中起着突出作用。在一些个体中，身体不满似乎表现为饮食失调，以抑制出生时性别的身体特征并突出性别认同的特征。迄今为止，尚未对有关跨性别者身体不满和饮食失调的文献进行系统综述。这样的综述可能会突出对为跨性别者提供治疗的临床医生的重要意义。因此，本研究的目的是批判性地、系统地回顾现有的文献，这些文献研究了跨性别群体中的身体不满或饮食失调，以及有关跨性别者身体不满和饮食失调之间关系的文献。该综述发现了三项探索跨性别者饮食失调的研究、五项探索跨性别者身体意象和饮食失调的研究，以及18项探索跨性别者身体意象的研究。该综述的结果表明，身体不满是跨性别者所经历痛苦的核心，这种不满也可能使一些个体面临饮食失调的风险。此外，研究结果似乎表明，性别焦虑症治疗在提高身体满意度和改善身体意象方面是成功的。文中讨论了其临床意义。
