Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
Nanoscale. 2016 Jan 7;8(1):471-82. doi: 10.1039/c5nr06680h.
With the objective of developing new advanced composite materials that can be used as anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), herein we describe the synthesis of SnO2 pillared carbon using various alkylamine (hexylamine; dodecylamine and octadecylamine) grafted graphene oxides and butyl trichlorotin precursors followed by its calcination at 500 °C for 2 h. While the grafted alkylamine induces crystalline growth of SnO2 pillars, thermal annealing of alkylamine grafted graphene oxide results in the formation of amorphous carbon coated graphene. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) results reveal the successful formation of SnO2 pillared carbon on the graphene surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy characterization corroborates the formation of rutile SnO2 crystals on the graphene surface. A significant rise in the BET surface area is observed for SnO2 pillared carbon, when compared to pristine GO. Electrochemical characterization studies of SnO2 pillared carbon based anode materials showed an enhanced lithium storage capacity and fine cyclic performance in comparison with pristine GO. The initial specific capacities of SnO2 pillared carbon are observed to be 1379 mA h g(-1), 1255 mA h g(-1) and 1360 mA h g(-1) that decrease to 750 mA h g(-1), 643 mA h g(-1) and 560 mA h g(-1) depending upon the chain length of grafted alkylamine on the graphene surface respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectral analysis reveals that the exchange current density of SnO2 pillared carbon based electrodes is higher, corroborating its enhanced electrochemical activity in comparison with GO based electrodes.
为了开发可用于锂离子电池（LIBs）的新型先进复合材料，我们在此描述了使用各种烷基胺（己胺；十二胺和十八胺）接枝氧化石墨烯和丁基三氯化锡前体合成 SnO2 支柱碳，然后在 500°C 下煅烧 2 小时。虽然接枝的烷基胺诱导 SnO2 支柱的结晶生长，但烷基胺接枝氧化石墨烯的热退火导致无定形碳涂覆石墨烯的形成。场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）结果表明 SnO2 支柱碳成功地在石墨烯表面形成。X 射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和拉曼光谱表征证实了在石墨烯表面形成了金红石 SnO2 晶体。与原始 GO 相比，观察到 SnO2 支柱碳的 BET 表面积显著增加。SnO2 支柱碳基阳极材料的电化学表征研究表明，与原始 GO 相比，其具有增强的储锂能力和良好的循环性能。观察到 SnO2 支柱碳的初始比容量分别为 1379 mA h g-1、1255 mA h g-1和 1360 mA h g-1，降低至 750 mA h g-1、643 mA h g-1和 560 mA h g-1，这取决于接枝在石墨烯表面的烷基胺的链长。电化学阻抗谱分析表明，基于 SnO2 支柱碳的电极的交换电流密度更高，这与其与基于 GO 的电极相比增强的电化学活性相符。
