Fernandes M P, Venkatesh S, Sudarshan B G
Department of Instrumentation Technology and PG Studies, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India.
Open Biomed Eng J. 2015 Aug 31;9:228-33. doi: 10.2174/1874120701509010228. eCollection 2015.
Lung cancer is one of the malignancies causing deaths worldwide. The yet to be developed non-invasive diagnostic techniques, are a challenge for early detection of cancer before it progresses to its later stages. The currently available diagnostic methods are expensive or invasive, and are not fit for general screening purposes. Early identification not only helps in detecting primary cancer, but also in treating its secondaries; which creates a need for easily applicable tests to screen individuals at risk. A detailed review of the various screening methods, including the latest trend of breath analysis using gold nanoparticles, to identify cancer at its early stage, are studied here. The VOC based breath biomarkers are used to analyze the exhaled breath of the patients. These biomarkers are utilized by Chemiresistors coated with gold nanoparticles, which are found to be the most suited technique for early detection of lung cancer. This technique is highly accurate and is relatively easy to operate and was tested on smokers and non-smokers. This review also gives as an outline of the fabrication and working of the device Na-Nose. The Chemiresistors coated with Gold nanoparticles, show a great potential in being an non-invasive and cost-effective diagnostic technique for early detection of lung cancer.
肺癌是全球导致死亡的恶性肿瘤之一。尚未开发的非侵入性诊断技术，对于在癌症进展到晚期之前进行早期检测是一项挑战。目前可用的诊断方法昂贵或具有侵入性，不适合一般筛查目的。早期识别不仅有助于检测原发性癌症，还有助于治疗其转移灶；这就需要易于应用的检测方法来筛查高危个体。本文研究了各种筛查方法的详细综述，包括使用金纳米颗粒进行呼吸分析以早期识别癌症的最新趋势。基于挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的呼吸生物标志物用于分析患者呼出的气体。这些生物标志物被涂有金纳米颗粒的化学电阻器所利用，发现这是早期检测肺癌最适合的技术。该技术高度准确且相对易于操作，并在吸烟者和非吸烟者身上进行了测试。本综述还概述了“钠鼻”设备的制造和工作原理。涂有金纳米颗粒的化学电阻器在成为一种用于早期检测肺癌的非侵入性且经济高效的诊断技术方面显示出巨大潜力。
