de Winter Andrea F, Visser Leenke, Verhulst Frank C, Vollebergh Wilma A M, Reijneveld Sijmen A
Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; School for Marketing Management, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Prev Med. 2016 Mar;84:76-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.11.028. Epub 2015 Dec 4.
Most studies on multiple health risk behaviors among adolescents have cross-sectionally studied a limited number of health behaviors or determinants.
To examine the prevalence, longitudinal patterns and predictors of individual and multiple health risk behaviors among adolescents.
Eight health risk behaviors (no regular consumption of fruit, vegetables or breakfast, overweight or obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol use and cannabis use) were assessed in a prospective population study (second and third wave). Participants were assessed in three waves between ages 10 and 17 (2001-2008; n=2230). Multiple linear regression was used to assess the influence of gender, self-control, parental health risk behaviors, parental monitoring and socioeconomic factors on the number of health risk behaviors adjusted for preceding multiple health risk behaviors (analysis: 2013-2014).
Rates of >5 health risk behaviors were high: 3.6% at age 13.5 and 10.2% at age 16. Smoking at age 13.5 was frequently associated with health risk behaviors at age 16. No regular consumption of fruit, vegetables and breakfast, overweight or obesity, physical inactivity and smoking predicted the co-occurrence of health risk behaviors at follow-up. Significant predictors of the development of multiple health risk behaviors were adolescents' levels of self-control, socioeconomic status and maternal smoking.
Multiple health risk behaviors are common among adolescents. Individual and social factors predict changes in multiple health risk behaviors, showing that prevention targeting multiple risk behaviors is needed. Special attention should be paid to adolescents with low self-control and families with low socioeconomic status or a mother who smokes.
大多数关于青少年多种健康风险行为的研究都是对有限数量的健康行为或决定因素进行横断面研究。
研究青少年个体及多种健康风险行为的患病率、纵向模式及预测因素。
在一项前瞻性人群研究（第二波和第三波）中评估了八种健康风险行为（不定期食用水果、蔬菜或早餐、超重或肥胖、缺乏身体活动、吸烟、饮酒和使用大麻）。在10至17岁之间分三波对参与者进行评估（2001 - 2008年；n = 2230）。使用多元线性回归评估性别、自我控制、父母的健康风险行为、父母监督和社会经济因素对在调整了先前多种健康风险行为后的健康风险行为数量的影响（分析时间：2013 - 2014年）。
有超过5种健康风险行为的比例很高：13.5岁时为3.6%，16岁时为10.2%。13.5岁时吸烟常常与16岁时的健康风险行为相关。不定期食用水果、蔬菜和早餐、超重或肥胖、缺乏身体活动和吸烟可预测随访时健康风险行为的同时出现。多种健康风险行为发展的显著预测因素是青少年的自我控制水平、社会经济地位和母亲吸烟情况。
多种健康风险行为在青少年中很常见。个体和社会因素可预测多种健康风险行为的变化，这表明需要针对多种风险行为进行预防。应特别关注自我控制能力低的青少年以及社会经济地位低或母亲吸烟的家庭。
