Bravo M, San Martín L, Casals E, Eaton K A, Widström E
University of Granada, Spain.
Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain.
Br Dent J. 2015 Dec;219(11):547-51. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.922.
Spain is the second largest EU Member State with an area of 504,645 km(2) and is the fifth most populated one with a total of 46.5 million inhabitants. The number of dentists working in Spain has grown rapidly in the last 20 years. In December 2014, there were 33,346 practising dentists with a ratio of one dentist for every 1394 inhabitants. Oral health of children has improved; with a fall in the national mean DMFT index (decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth) among 12-year-olds, from 4.20 in 1984 to 1.12 in 2010. The percentage of the population that has visited a dentist within the last three months has risen from 13.5% (1987) to 16.9% (2011-2012). Forty-three percent of the Spanish population visited a dentist in the last year in 2009. The Spanish National Health System (SNS) provides comprehensive cover for general health, but very little oral healthcare for adults. Only emergency care and oral surgery (dental extractions) for adults are provided in publicly funded clinics. The vast majority of oral health care is provided in the private sector and over 90% of dental professionals work in the private sector. Nevertherless, children aged 7-15 years are covered (with some restrictions) by publicly funded oral healthcare with different care models, depending on the local health authority, and some of them are funded by a capitation system which was introduced 25 years ago.
西班牙是欧盟第二大成员国，面积为504,645平方公里，是人口第五多的国家，总人口达4650万。在过去20年里，西班牙从业牙医的数量迅速增长。2014年12月，有33346名执业牙医，每1394名居民中有一名牙医。儿童的口腔健康状况有所改善；12岁儿童的全国平均DMFT指数（恒牙龋、失、补牙数）从1984年的4.20降至2010年的1.12。在过去三个月内看过牙医的人口比例从1987年的13.5%升至2011 - 2012年的16.9%。2009年，43%的西班牙人口在去年看过牙医。西班牙国家卫生系统（SNS）提供全面的一般健康保障，但为成年人提供的口腔医疗服务很少。公立诊所只为成年人提供急诊和口腔外科治疗（拔牙）。绝大多数口腔医疗服务由私营部门提供，超过90%的牙科专业人员在私营部门工作。然而，7至15岁的儿童可享受（有一些限制）由公共资金资助的口腔医疗服务，具体的护理模式因当地卫生当局而异，其中一些由25年前引入的按人头计费系统提供资金。
