Safdar Nilofer F, Bertone-Johnson Elizabeth R, Cordeiro Lorraine, Jafar Tazeen H, Cohen Nancy L
School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Email:
Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2015;24(4):710-9. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.4.27.
Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting more than 25% of adults worldwide. In Pakistan, 33% of the adult population suffers from hypertension. Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated the critical role of dietary patterns in the causation, prevention and management of hypertension. There's a dearth of evidence from South Asia in this regard. The present study aimed to identify the association between dietary patterns and hypertension among 4304 low income urban adults who participated in the Control of Blood Pressure and Risk Attenuation (COBRA) study in Karachi, Pakistan. Dietary information was collected by a 33- item food frequency questionnaire and 3 unique dietary patterns namely; fat and sweet, fruit and vegetable, and seafood and yogurt patterns were derived using principal component factor analyses. We used univariate and multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between dietary patterns and hypertension. Men were more likely to have hypertension, while increase in age, and body mass index were also associated with hypertension (p<0.001). After adjusting for age, gender, education, marital status, body mass index, and tobacco use; the seafood and yogurt pattern was less likely (OR=0.78: 95% CI: 0.63, 0.98; p-value 0.03) to be associated with hypertension, whereas no significant associations were seen for other two dietary patterns. These findings suggest that certain dietary patterns may be associated with hypertension among Pakistani low income urban adults.
高血压是最常见的慢性病之一，全球超过25%的成年人受其影响。在巴基斯坦，33%的成年人口患有高血压。众多流行病学研究已证明饮食模式在高血压的病因、预防和管理中起着关键作用。在这方面，南亚缺乏相关证据。本研究旨在确定参与巴基斯坦卡拉奇血压控制与风险衰减（COBRA）研究的4304名低收入城市成年人的饮食模式与高血压之间的关联。通过一份包含33个条目的食物频率问卷收集饮食信息，并使用主成分因子分析得出3种独特的饮食模式，即：脂肪和甜食模式、水果和蔬菜模式以及海鲜和酸奶模式。我们使用单变量和多变量逻辑回归来检验饮食模式与高血压之间的关联。男性患高血压的可能性更大，同时年龄增长和体重指数增加也与高血压相关（p<0.001）。在对年龄、性别、教育程度、婚姻状况、体重指数和烟草使用进行调整后；海鲜和酸奶模式与高血压相关的可能性较小（OR=0.78：95%CI：0.63，0.98；p值0.03），而其他两种饮食模式未发现显著关联。这些发现表明，某些饮食模式可能与巴基斯坦低收入城市成年人的高血压有关。
