Raynor Hollie A, Champagne Catherine M
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016 Jan;116(1):129-147. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.10.031.
It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that successful treatment of overweight and obesity in adults requires adoption and maintenance of lifestyle behaviors contributing to both dietary intake and physical activity. These behaviors are influenced by many factors; therefore, interventions incorporating more than one level of the socioecological model and addressing several key factors in each level may be more successful than interventions targeting any one level and factor alone. Registered dietitian nutritionists, as part of a multidisciplinary team, need to be current and skilled in weight management to effectively assist and lead efforts that can reduce the obesity epidemic. Using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics' Evidence Analysis Process and Evidence Analysis Library, this position paper presents the current data and recommendations for the treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Evidence on intrapersonal influences, such as dietary approaches, lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy, and surgery, is provided. Factors related to treatment, such as intensity of treatment and technology, are reviewed. Community-level interventions that strengthen existing community assets and capacity and public policy to create environments that support healthy energy balance behaviors are also discussed.
营养与饮食学会的立场是,成功治疗成年人的超重和肥胖需要采用并维持有助于饮食摄入和身体活动的生活方式行为。这些行为受多种因素影响;因此,纳入社会生态模型多个层面并解决每个层面若干关键因素的干预措施可能比仅针对任何一个层面和因素的干预措施更成功。注册营养师作为多学科团队的一员,需要掌握最新的体重管理知识和技能,以有效协助并引领减少肥胖流行的工作。利用营养与饮食学会的循证分析流程和循证分析库,本立场文件介绍了治疗成年人超重和肥胖的当前数据及建议。提供了关于个人内部影响因素的证据,如饮食方法、生活方式干预、药物治疗和手术。还审查了与治疗相关的因素,如治疗强度和技术。此外,还讨论了加强现有社区资源和能力的社区层面干预措施以及创造支持健康能量平衡行为环境的公共政策。