Cook Paul F, McElwain Catherine J, Bradley-Springer Lucy A
University of Colorado College of Nursing, Campus Box C288-04, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 E. 17th Ave., Mail Stop 8204, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
BMC Res Notes. 2016 Jan 4;9:9. doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1814-4.
Prevention behaviors help persons living with HIV (PLWH) to avoid transmitting HIV, and psychological variables have been found to predict HIV prevention behaviors. These variables have typically been measured using retrospective questionnaires about average psychological states over a period of time, which are likely to be biased by selective recall and interpretation. Measuring the same variables as momentary states, in the day-to-day context where they actually occur, may reveal different relationships to behavior.
21 PLWH completed daily surveys about momentary states and prevention behaviors. Brief, validated measures were used to assess control beliefs, mood, stress, coping, social support, stigma, knowledge, and motivation. We used multilevel models to predict prevention behaviors from momentary states the previous day, while controlling for the effect of multiple observations from the same person over time. Participants reported a moderate overall level of HIV prevention behaviors during the 6-month study. Although lapses in prevention were infrequent, there was room for improvement. Control beliefs, mood, and motivation had significant prospective effects on HIV prevention behaviors, rs = 0.07-0.21. Stress and coping had effects approaching significance.
Some momentary states predicted prevention behaviors, providing partial support for the motivational model. This finding supports past research showing effects of momentary states on behavior, and advances the science by testing multiple predictors. High within-sample diversity strengthened generalizability, but the overall sample size was small and the findings require replication. Future research should continue to examine the everyday experiences of PLWH as influences on their behavior.
预防行为有助于艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）避免传播艾滋病毒，并且已发现心理变量可预测艾滋病毒预防行为。这些变量通常使用回顾性问卷来测量一段时间内的平均心理状态，而这种测量很可能因选择性回忆和解读而产生偏差。在这些心理变量实际出现的日常情境中，将其作为即时状态进行测量，可能会揭示出与行为的不同关系。
21名艾滋病毒感染者完成了关于即时状态和预防行为的每日调查。使用了简短且经过验证的测量方法来评估控制信念、情绪、压力、应对方式、社会支持、耻辱感、知识和动机。我们使用多层次模型从前一天的即时状态预测预防行为，同时控制同一人在不同时间的多次观察所产生的影响。在为期6个月的研究中，参与者报告的艾滋病毒预防行为总体水平适中。虽然预防行为的失误很少见，但仍有改进空间。控制信念、情绪和动机对艾滋病毒预防行为有显著的前瞻性影响，相关系数rs = 0.07 - 0.21。压力和应对方式的影响接近显著水平。
一些即时状态可预测预防行为，为动机模型提供了部分支持。这一发现支持了过去关于即时状态对行为有影响的研究，并通过测试多个预测因素推动了该领域科学的发展。样本内部的高度多样性增强了研究结果的普遍性，但总体样本量较小，研究结果需要重复验证。未来的研究应继续考察艾滋病毒感染者的日常经历对其行为的影响。
