Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy.
Instituto de Neuroetologia, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2017 May;92(2):665-672. doi: 10.1111/brv.12248. Epub 2016 Jan 6.
Reciprocity is probably the most debated of the evolutionary explanations for cooperation. Part of the confusion surrounding this debate stems from a failure to note that two different processes can result in reciprocity: partner control and partner choice. We suggest that the common observation that group-living animals direct their cooperative behaviours preferentially to those individuals from which they receive most cooperation is to be interpreted as the result of the sum of the two separate processes of partner control and partner choice. We review evidence that partner choice is the prevalent process in primates and propose explanations for this pattern. We make predictions that highlight the need for studies that separate the effects of partner control and partner choice in a broader variety of group-living taxa.
互惠是合作的进化解释中最具争议的一个。这种争论的部分原因是没有注意到两种不同的过程可以导致互惠：伙伴控制和伙伴选择。我们认为，群居动物倾向于将它们的合作行为指向那些它们从中获得最多合作的个体，这种常见的观察结果应该被解释为伙伴控制和伙伴选择两个单独过程的总和。我们回顾了伙伴选择在灵长类动物中是普遍存在的过程的证据，并提出了这种模式的解释。我们做出了预测，强调需要在更广泛的群居分类群中研究分离伙伴控制和伙伴选择的影响。
