Maïano Christophe, Aimé Annie, Salvas Marie-Claude, Morin Alexandre J S, Normand Claude L
Cyberpsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Canada; Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Australia; Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Canada.
Cyberpsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Canada; Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Canada.
Res Dev Disabil. 2016 Feb-Mar;49-50:181-95. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.11.015. Epub 2015 Dec 29.
Recent literature reviews show that bullying perpetration and victimization are major public health concerns for typically developing (TD) youth. Nevertheless, the magnitude of this phenomenon among youth with intellectual disabilities (ID) remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide a synthesis of the empirical studies examining the prevalence and correlates of bullying perpetration and victimization among youth with ID. A systematic literature search was performed and 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings from these studies showed weighted mean prevalence rates of general bullying perpetration, bullying victimization and both of 15.1%, 36.3%, and 25.2%, respectively. Weighted mean prevalence rates of bullying perpetration and victimization differed according to the characteristics of the studies (e.g., assessment context, school setting, information source, type of measures, time frame). Additionally, high weighted mean prevalence rates of physical (33.3%), verbal (50.2%), relational (37.4%), and cyber (38.3%) victimization were found among youth with ID. When youth with ID were compared to youth with other disabilities or TD peers, no clear differences were found. Finally, the present review shows that correlates of bullying perpetration and victimization in this population remain understudied.
近期的文献综述表明，欺凌行为的实施和受欺凌情况是发育正常（TD）青少年主要的公共卫生问题。然而，智力残疾（ID）青少年中这一现象的严重程度仍不明确。因此，本综述的目的是综合实证研究，探讨智力残疾青少年中欺凌行为的实施及受欺凌情况的患病率及其相关因素。进行了系统的文献检索，有11项研究符合纳入标准。这些研究的结果显示，一般欺凌行为实施、受欺凌情况以及两者兼有的加权平均患病率分别为15.1%、36.3%和25.2%。根据研究的特征（如评估背景、学校环境、信息来源、测量类型、时间框架），欺凌行为实施和受欺凌情况的加权平均患病率有所不同。此外，在智力残疾青少年中发现身体（33.3%）、言语（50.2%）、关系（37.4%）和网络（38.3%）受欺凌情况的加权平均患病率较高。将智力残疾青少年与其他残疾青少年或发育正常的同龄人进行比较时，未发现明显差异。最后，本综述表明，该人群中欺凌行为实施和受欺凌情况的相关因素仍未得到充分研究。
