Chang Lingqian, Hu Jiaming, Chen Feng, Chen Zhou, Shi Junfeng, Yang Zhaogang, Li Yiwen, Lee Ly James
NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
Nanoscale. 2016 Feb 14;8(6):3181-206. doi: 10.1039/c5nr06694h. Epub 2016 Jan 8.
The living cell is a complex entity that dynamically responds to both intracellular and extracellular environments. Extensive efforts have been devoted to the understanding intracellular functions orchestrated with mRNAs and proteins in investigation of the fate of a single-cell, including proliferation, apoptosis, motility, differentiation and mutations. The rapid development of modern cellular analysis techniques (e.g. PCR, western blotting, immunochemistry, etc.) offers new opportunities in quantitative analysis of RNA/protein expression up to a single cell level. The recent entries of nanoscale platforms that include kinds of methodologies with high spatial and temporal resolution have been widely employed to probe the living cells. In this tutorial review paper, we give insight into background introduction and technical innovation of currently reported nanoscale platforms for living cell interrogation. These highlighted technologies are documented in details within four categories, including nano-biosensors for label-free detection of living cells, nanodevices for living cell probing by intracellular marker delivery, high-throughput platforms towards clinical current, and the progress of microscopic imaging platforms for cell/tissue tracking in vitro and in vivo. Perspectives for system improvement were also discussed to solve the limitations remains in current techniques, for the purpose of clinical use in future.
活细胞是一个复杂的实体，能对细胞内和细胞外环境做出动态反应。在研究单细胞命运（包括增殖、凋亡、运动、分化和突变）的过程中，人们付出了巨大努力来理解由mRNA和蛋白质精心编排的细胞内功能。现代细胞分析技术（如PCR、蛋白质免疫印迹法、免疫化学等）的快速发展为在单细胞水平上定量分析RNA/蛋白质表达提供了新机遇。近期出现的纳米级平台，包括具有高空间和时间分辨率的各种方法，已被广泛用于探测活细胞。在这篇综述教程论文中，我们深入了解了目前报道的用于活细胞检测的纳米级平台的背景介绍和技术创新。这些突出的技术详细记录在四个类别中，包括用于活细胞无标记检测的纳米生物传感器、通过细胞内标记物递送探测活细胞的纳米装置、面向临床应用的高通量平台，以及用于体外和体内细胞/组织追踪的显微成像平台。还讨论了系统改进的前景，以解决当前技术中仍然存在的局限性，以便未来用于临床。
