Aksoy M
Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Department of Biology, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
Environ Health Perspect. 1989 Jul;82:193-7. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8982193.
The hematotoxicity of benzene exposure has been well known for a century. Benzene causes leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, etc. The clinical and hematologic picture of aplastic anemia resulting from benzene exposure is not different from classical aplastic anemia; in some cases, mild bilirubinemia, changes in osmotic fragility, increase in lactic dehydrogenase and fecal urobilinogen, and occasionally some neurological abnormalities are found. Electromicroscopic findings in some cases of aplastic anemia with benzene exposure were similar to those observed by light microscopy. Benzene hepatitis-aplastic anemia syndrome was observed in a technician with benzene exposure. Ten months after occurrence of hepatitis B, a severe aplastic anemia developed. The first epidemiologic study proving the leukemogenicity of benzene was performed between 1967 and 1973 to 1974 among shoe workers in Istanbul. The incidence of leukemia was 13.59 per 100,000, which is a significant increase over that of leukemia in the general population. Following the prohibition and discontinuation of the use of benzene in Istanbul, there was a striking decrease in the number of leukemic shoe workers in Istanbul. In 23.7% of our series, consisting of 59 leukemic patients with benzene exposure, there was a preceding pancytopenic period. Furthermore, a familial connection was found in 10.2% of them. The 89.8% of our series showed the findings of acute leukemia. The possible factors that may determine the types of leukemia in benzene toxicity are discussed. The possible role of benzene exposure is presented in the development of malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and lung cancer.
苯暴露的血液毒性已为人所知达一个世纪之久。苯会导致白细胞减少、血小板减少、全血细胞减少等。因苯暴露所致再生障碍性贫血的临床和血液学表现与经典再生障碍性贫血并无不同；在某些情况下，会发现轻度胆红素血症、渗透脆性改变、乳酸脱氢酶和粪胆素原增加，偶尔还会出现一些神经学异常。部分苯暴露所致再生障碍性贫血病例的电镜检查结果与光镜观察结果相似。在一名有苯暴露史的技术人员中观察到苯中毒性肝炎 - 再生障碍性贫血综合征。乙型肝炎发病十个月后，发展为严重的再生障碍性贫血。1967年至1973年至1974年期间，在伊斯坦布尔的鞋厂工人中进行了第一项证明苯致白血病性的流行病学研究。白血病发病率为每10万人中有13.59例，这比普通人群中的白血病发病率有显著增加。在伊斯坦布尔禁止并停止使用苯之后，伊斯坦布尔白血病鞋厂工人的数量显著下降。在我们的59例有苯暴露史的白血病患者系列中，23.7%的患者之前有全血细胞减少期。此外，其中10.2%的患者有家族关联。我们系列中的89.8%表现为急性白血病的特征。讨论了可能决定苯毒性中白血病类型的因素。介绍了苯暴露在恶性淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤和肺癌发生发展中的可能作用。
