Hambraeus A, Bengtsson S, Laurell G
J Hyg (Lond). 1977 Aug;79(1):121-32. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400052918.
The effect of ventilation on airborne contamination was studied in a new operating suite containing operating rooms with conventional ventilation (17-20 turnovers/h) and operating rooms with zonal ventilation, where the turnover in the central part of the room was approximately 80/h. The efficacy of the ventilation was first examined with gas tracer experiments and found satisfactory. Experiments using potassium iodide particles showed the transfer between adjacent rooms in the suite to be less than 10(-3)% with closed doors and from 1% to 2.5 x 10(-2)% when the doors were opened once a minute. The transfer between two adjacent operating rooms was calculated to be approximately 10(-4)%. There is thus little risk of spread of airborne infection between operating rooms.Experiments with potassium iodide particles showed that in operating rooms with zonal ventilation the particle concentration in the centre of the room was about one-tenth that in the periphery; in conventionally ventilated operating rooms the concentration was about one-half. With bacteria-carrying particles generated by human activity the concentration in the centre of operating rooms with zonal ventilation was about half that in the periphery both during experimental activity and operations; in conventionally ventilated operating rooms it was about equal in both cases. Bacterial counts at the periphery were found to be lower in rooms with zonal ventilation ( approximately 50 c.f.u./m(3)) than in conventionally ventilated ( approximately 70 c.f.u./m(3)).
在一个新建的手术室套房中，研究了通风对空气传播污染的影响。该套房内既有采用传统通风方式（每小时换气17 - 20次）的手术室，也有采用分区通风的手术室，分区通风手术室中部的换气次数约为每小时80次。首先通过气体示踪实验检验了通风效果，结果令人满意。使用碘化钾颗粒进行的实验表明，套房内相邻房间在门关闭时的污染物转移率小于10^(-3)%，而当门每分钟打开一次时，转移率为1%至2.5×10^(-2)%。两个相邻手术室之间的转移率经计算约为10^(-4)%。因此，手术室之间通过空气传播感染的风险很小。使用碘化钾颗粒进行的实验表明，在采用分区通风的手术室中，房间中部的颗粒浓度约为周边的十分之一；在采用传统通风的手术室中，该浓度约为周边的二分之一。对于由人类活动产生的携带细菌颗粒，在分区通风的手术室中，无论是在实验活动期间还是手术期间，房间中部的浓度约为周边的一半；在传统通风的手术室中，两种情况下浓度大致相等。发现分区通风房间周边的细菌计数（约50 c.f.u./m³）低于传统通风房间（约70 c.f.u./m³）。
