Roberto Christina A, Wong Diandra, Musicus Aviva, Hammond David
Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and.
Pediatrics. 2016 Feb;137(2):e20153185. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-3185. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
US states have introduced bills requiring sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) to display health warning labels. This study examined how such labels may influence parents and which labels are most impactful.
In this study, 2381 demographically and educationally diverse parents participated in an online survey. Parents were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 conditions: (1) no warning label (control); (2) calorie label; or (3-6) 1 of 4 text versions of a warning label (eg, Safety Warning: Drinking beverages with added sugar[s] contributes to obesity, diabetes, and tooth decay). Parents chose a beverage for their child in a vending machine choice task, rated perceptions of different beverages, and indicated interest in receiving beverage coupons.
Regression analyses controlling for frequency of beverage purchases were used to compare the no warning label group, calorie label group, and all warning label groups combined. Significantly fewer parents chose an SSB for their child in the warning label condition (40%) versus the no label (60%) and calorie label conditions (53%). Parents in the warning label condition also chose significantly fewer SSB coupons, believed that SSBs were less healthy for their child, and were less likely to intend to purchase SSBs. All P values <.05 after correcting for multiple comparisons. There were no consistent differences among different versions of the warning labels.
Health warning labels on SSBs improved parents' understanding of health harms associated with overconsumption of such beverages and may reduce parents' purchase of SSBs for their children.
美国各州已出台法案，要求对含糖饮料（SSB）标注健康警示标签。本研究探讨了此类标签如何影响家长，以及哪些标签最具影响力。
在本研究中，2381名人口统计学和教育背景各异的家长参与了一项在线调查。家长被随机分配到6种情况中的一种：（1）无警示标签（对照组）；（2）热量标签；或（3 - 6）4种文本版本警示标签中的一种（例如，安全警示：饮用添加糖的饮料会导致肥胖、糖尿病和龋齿）。在自动售货机选择任务中，家长为孩子选择一种饮料，对不同饮料的认知进行评分，并表明对获取饮料优惠券的兴趣。
采用控制饮料购买频率的回归分析，对无警示标签组、热量标签组以及所有警示标签组合并后的组进行比较。与无标签组（60%）和热量标签组（53%）相比，在有警示标签的情况下，为孩子选择含糖饮料的家长显著减少（40%）。处于警示标签情况下的家长选择的含糖饮料优惠券也显著减少，认为含糖饮料对孩子健康危害更大，且购买含糖饮料的意愿更低。经多重比较校正后，所有P值均<.05。不同版本的警示标签之间没有一致的差异。
含糖饮料上的健康警示标签提高了家长对过量饮用此类饮料相关健康危害的认识，并可能减少家长为孩子购买含糖饮料的行为。
