Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Am J Prev Med. 2018 Aug;55(2):e19-e27. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.04.018. Epub 2018 Jun 12.
Noncarbonated sugar-sweetened beverages, such as fruit drinks, sports drinks, and sweetened teas are increasingly promoted to and consumed by youth. These beverages may be perceived as healthier options than soda. To educate consumers about beverages high in added sugar, several cities and states have proposed policies mandating health warning labels on sugar-sweetened beverages.
In 2015, a total of 2,381 parents were randomized to a no label, calorie label, or warning label condition. An online survey asked about the healthfulness of different beverages, and asked parents to select a beverage for their child in a choice task. Regressions compared the warning and calorie label groups to the control group and measured mediating effects of health beliefs on beverage choice. Data were analyzed in 2016.
Parents viewed fruit drinks, sports drinks, and sweetened teas as healthier and less likely to cause disease than soda. Compared with no label, warning labels significantly increased parents' risk perceptions for all beverages except soda. Warning labels significantly reduced the odds of selecting fruit drinks for the child (OR=0.42, 95% CI=0.32, 0.56), and this effect was mediated by changes in health beliefs and risk perceptions.
Fruit drinks, sports drinks, and sweetened teas are increasingly promoted to youth. Parents believe these beverages are healthier and less likely to cause disease than soda, and warning labels may correct these misperceptions.
非碳酸含糖饮料,如果汁饮料、运动饮料和加糖茶,越来越多地受到年轻人的推崇和饮用。这些饮料可能被认为比苏打水更健康。为了让消费者了解添加糖含量高的饮料,一些城市和州已经提出了在含糖饮料上贴上健康警告标签的政策。
2015 年,共有 2381 名家长被随机分配到无标签、卡路里标签或警告标签条件下。一项在线调查询问了不同饮料的健康程度,并要求家长在选择任务中为孩子选择一种饮料。回归比较了警告标签和卡路里标签组与对照组,并测量了健康信念对饮料选择的中介作用。数据于 2016 年进行分析。
家长认为果汁饮料、运动饮料和加糖茶比苏打水更健康,不太可能导致疾病。与无标签相比,警告标签显著增加了家长对所有饮料(除苏打水外)的风险感知。警告标签显著降低了为孩子选择果汁饮料的几率(OR=0.42,95%CI=0.32,0.56),这种效果是通过健康信念和风险感知的变化来介导的。
果汁饮料、运动饮料和加糖茶越来越受到年轻人的欢迎。家长认为这些饮料比苏打水更健康,不太可能导致疾病,而警告标签可能纠正这些误解。