APC Microbiome Institute.
School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology.
Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2016;7:313-33. doi: 10.1146/annurev-food-041715-033159. Epub 2016 Jan 11.
Bile acids have emerged as important signaling molecules in the host, as they interact either locally or systemically with specific cellular receptors, in particular the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and TGR5. These signaling functions influence systemic lipid and cholesterol metabolism, energy metabolism, immune homeostasis, and intestinal electrolyte balance. Through defined enzymatic activities, the gut microbiota can significantly modify the signaling properties of bile acids and therefore can have an impact upon host health. Alterations to the gut microbiota that influence bile acid metabolism are associated with metabolic disease, obesity, diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Clostridium difficile infection, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we examine the regulation of this gut-microbiota-liver axis in the context of bile acid metabolism and indicate how this pathway represents an important target for the development of new nutraceutical (diet and/or probiotics) and targeted pharmaceutical interventions.
胆汁酸已成为宿主中重要的信号分子，因为它们与特定的细胞受体（尤其是法尼醇 X 受体 (FXR) 和 TGR5）局部或全身相互作用。这些信号功能影响全身脂质和胆固醇代谢、能量代谢、免疫稳态和肠道电解质平衡。通过特定的酶活性，肠道微生物群可以显著改变胆汁酸的信号特性，从而对宿主健康产生影响。影响胆汁酸代谢的肠道微生物群的改变与代谢疾病、肥胖、腹泻、炎症性肠病 (IBD)、艰难梭菌感染、结直肠癌和肝细胞癌有关。在这里，我们研究了在胆汁酸代谢的背景下这种肠道微生物群-肝脏轴的调节，并指出了该途径如何成为开发新的营养保健品（饮食和/或益生菌）和靶向药物干预的重要目标。
