Carneiro Leticia A M, Travassos Leonardo H
Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Microbes Infect. 2016 Mar;18(3):169-71. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.12.006. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
Despite a long battle that was started by Oswaldo Cruz more than a century ago, in 1903, Brazil still struggles to fight Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, the mosquito vectors of dengue virus (DENV), Chikungynya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Dengue fever has been a serious public health problem in Brazil for decades, with recurrent epidemic outbreaks occurring during summers. In 2015, until November, 1,534,932 possible cases were reported to the Ministry of Healthv. More recently, the less studied CHIKV and ZIKV have gained attention because of a dramatic increase in their incidence (around 400% for CHIKV) and the association of ZIKV infection with a 11-fold increase in the number of cases of microcephaly from 2014 to 2015 in northeast Brazil (1761 cases until December 2015). The symptoms of these three infections are very similar, which complicates the diagnosis. These include fever, headache, nausea, fatigue, and joint pain. In some cases, DENV infection develops into dengue hemorrhagic fever, a life threatening condition characterized by bleeding and decreases in platelet numbers in the blood. As for CHIKV, the most important complication is joint pain, which can last for months.
尽管一个多世纪前奥斯瓦尔多·克鲁兹就发起了一场长期斗争，但在1903年，巴西仍在努力抗击埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊，这两种蚊子是登革热病毒（DENV）、基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）和寨卡病毒（ZIKV）的病媒。几十年来，登革热一直是巴西严重的公共卫生问题，夏季反复爆发疫情。2015年截至11月，向卫生部报告的可能病例达1534932例。最近，研究较少的基孔肯雅病毒和寨卡病毒因发病率急剧上升（基孔肯雅病毒约为400%）以及巴西东北部2014年至2015年寨卡病毒感染与小头畸形病例数增加11倍（截至2015年12月有1761例）而受到关注。这三种感染的症状非常相似，这使得诊断变得复杂。这些症状包括发热、头痛、恶心、疲劳和关节疼痛。在某些情况下，登革热病毒感染会发展成登革出血热，这是一种危及生命的疾病，其特征是出血和血液中血小板数量减少。至于基孔肯雅病毒，最重要的并发症是关节疼痛，可持续数月。
