Craig B W, Everhart J, Brown R
Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306.
Mech Ageing Dev. 1989 Aug;49(2):147-57. doi: 10.1016/0047-6374(89)90098-5.
Aging is associated with a decrease in glucose tolerance. In younger subjects both high and low intensity forms of exercise have been shown to improve glucose tolerance. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether or not strength training in elderly subjects would have a positive effect upon glucose and insulin responsiveness following a glucose feeding. The medical history of each subject and an exercise stress test were given prior to the establishment of the two age groups: those individuals with contra-indications for exercise were not tested further. An oral glucose tolerance test, 100 g, was administered to six young (23 +/- 1 year) and 9 elderly (63 +/- 1 year) male subjects before and after 12 weeks of a supervised progressive resistance weight lifting program, which employed Nautilus equipment. All the major muscle groups of the body were exercised and a three set, six-eight repetition, training protocol was followed. Blood samples were taken at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min; after centrifugation (1169 g for 15 min) the serum was frozen for analysis of glucose and insulin. Percent body fat was determined by skin calipers and the Lean Body Mass estimated. The 6 Rep max for the leg press, leg extension and bench press machines were used to determine the strength gains made for the 12 weeks of training. The results show that both the young and elderly subjects had a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in LBM and a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in percent body fat with training. In the young these changes occurred without a significant change in body weight, whereas the elderly had a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in body weight. In terms of strength, both the young and elderly showed significant gains (P less than 0.05) following training. The training protocol had little effect on the glucose response, but did significantly lower (P less than 0.05) the plasma insulin response to a glucose load. In response to a 100 g oral glucose load insulin declined regardless of age, with the insulin sum of the young and elderly being, 31.8% and 32.6% lower, respectively, after training. Although strength training improved glucose tolerance in both age groups, the response of the elderly subjects was well below that of the young. In conclusion, the data present here demonstrate that 12 weeks of high resistance strength training improved the overall physical fitness level of both the young and elderly participants of this study, but did not affect age related differences.
衰老与葡萄糖耐量降低有关。在较年轻的受试者中，高强度和低强度运动均已显示可改善葡萄糖耐量。本研究的目的是确定老年受试者进行力量训练是否会对葡萄糖摄入后的葡萄糖和胰岛素反应产生积极影响。在将受试者分为两个年龄组之前，先了解了每位受试者的病史并进行了运动压力测试：有运动禁忌症的个体不再进一步测试。在一项使用诺德士设备的、为期12周的有监督的渐进性抗阻举重训练计划前后，对6名年轻男性（23±1岁）和9名老年男性（63±1岁）进行了100克口服葡萄糖耐量测试。锻炼了身体所有主要肌肉群，并遵循了三组、每组六至八次重复的训练方案。在0、30、60、120和180分钟时采集血样；离心（1169克，15分钟）后，将血清冷冻用于分析葡萄糖和胰岛素。用皮肤卡尺测定体脂百分比并估算瘦体重。使用腿举机、腿伸展机和卧推机的6次重复最大重量来确定12周训练所取得的力量增长。结果显示，年轻和老年受试者经过训练后，瘦体重均显著增加（P<0.05），体脂百分比均显著降低（P<0.05）。在年轻人中，这些变化发生时体重无显著变化，而老年人的体重则显著增加（P<0.05）。在力量方面，年轻和老年受试者训练后均显示出显著增加（P<0.05）。训练方案对葡萄糖反应影响不大，但确实显著降低了（P<0.05）血浆对葡萄糖负荷的胰岛素反应。无论年龄如何，对100克口服葡萄糖负荷的反应是胰岛素下降，年轻和老年组训练后的胰岛素总和分别降低31.8%和32.6%。虽然力量训练改善了两个年龄组的葡萄糖耐量，但老年受试者的反应远低于年轻受试者。总之，此处呈现的数据表明，12周的高阻力力量训练提高了本研究中年轻和老年参与者的总体身体素质水平，但并未影响与年龄相关的差异。
