Bryn Austin S, Ziyadeh Najat J, Calzo Jerel P, Sonneville Kendrin R, Kennedy Grace A, Roberts Andrea L, Haines Jess, Scherer Emily A
Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2016 Feb;24(2):506-15. doi: 10.1002/oby.21338.
To examine the relationship between gender expression (GE) and BMI in adolescence.
Repeated measures of weight-related behaviors and BMI were collected from 1996 to 2011 via annual/biennial self-report surveys from youth aged 10 to 23 years (6,693 females, 2,978 males) in the longitudinal Growing Up Today Study. GE (very conforming [referent], mostly conforming, nonconforming) was assessed in 2010/11. Sex-stratified, multivariable linear models estimated GE group differences in BMI and the contribution of sexual orientation and weight-related exposures to group differences. Models for males included interaction terms for GE with age.
In females, mostly conforming youth had 0.53 kg m(-2) and nonconforming had 1.23 kg m(-2) higher BMI; when adding adjustment for sexual orientation and weight-related exposures, GE group estimates were attenuated up to 8% and remained statistically significant. In males, mostly conforming youth had -0.67 kg m(-2) and nonconforming had -1.99 kg m(-2) lower BMI (age [in years]) interactions were between -0.09 and -0.14 kg m(-2) ; when adding adjustment for sexual orientation and weight-related exposures, GE group estimates were attenuated up to 11% and remained statistically significant.
GE is a strong independent predictor of BMI in adolescence. Obesity prevention and treatment interventions with youth must address ways that gender norms may reinforce or undermine healthful behaviors.
研究青少年性别表达（GE）与体重指数（BMI）之间的关系。
在“今日成长研究”纵向研究中，通过对10至23岁青少年（6693名女性，2978名男性）进行年度/两年一次的自我报告调查，收集1996年至2011年期间与体重相关行为和BMI的重复测量数据。2010/11年对GE（非常符合[参照组]、大多符合、不符合）进行评估。采用性别分层的多变量线性模型估计GE组在BMI方面的差异，以及性取向和与体重相关暴露因素对组间差异的影响。男性模型包括GE与年龄的交互项。
在女性中，大多符合的青少年BMI高出0.53kg·m⁻²，不符合的高出1.23kg·m⁻²；在加入性取向和与体重相关暴露因素的调整后，GE组估计值减弱高达8%，但仍具有统计学意义。在男性中，大多符合的青少年BMI低0.67kg·m⁻²，不符合的低1.99kg·m⁻²，（年龄[岁]）交互项在-0.09至-0.14kg·m⁻²之间；加入性取向和与体重相关暴露因素的调整后，GE组估计值减弱高达11%，但仍具有统计学意义。
GE是青少年BMI的一个强有力的独立预测因素。针对青少年的肥胖预防和治疗干预措施必须解决性别规范可能强化或破坏健康行为的方式问题。
