Lagnika Latifou, Amoussa Abdou Madjid O, Adjileye Rafatou A A, Laleye Anatole, Sanni Ambaliou
Unité de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Equipe de Biochimie et Substances Naturelles Bioactives, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, 04 BP 0320, Bénin.
Unité de Biologie Humaine, Laboratoire de Cytogénétique et de Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Jan 27;16:34. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1014-3.
Acmella uliginosa (Asteraceae) is a flowering plant whose leaves are consumed as a vegetable in Benin. They are also traditionally used as an antibiotic in the treatment of infectious diseases. To evaluate the therapeutic potential and toxicity effect of this leafy-vegetable, the antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant activities and, toxicity and phytochemical constituents were investigated.
Dichloromethane, methanol and aqueous extracts of Acmella uliginosa were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against six bacterial and six fungi strains. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were investigated by microdilution method and agar diffusion method respectively. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl assay and phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures. Finally, oral acute toxicity at a dose of 2000 mg/kg was done according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline n° 423.
The antibacterial activity was broad spectrum, inhibiting both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 0.625 to 5 mg/ml. The antifungal evaluation show that all the extracts inhibited mycelial growth and sporulation of fungi with percentages of inhibition ranging from 9.39 to 75.67% and 22.04 to 99.77%, respectively. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, the effect on reducing free radicals increased in a dose dependent manner. The percentage of inhibition of DPPH ranged from 0.94 to 73.07%. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of coumarin, flavonoid, naphtoquinone, anthracene derivative, saponin, lignan, triterpene and tannin. The dichloromethane and methanol extracts showed the best biological activities; they were also shown as the best extraction solvents of phytochemicals. In the acute toxicity evaluation, all animals were physically active and no deaths of rats were observed during the test. However, the aqueous extract promoted biochemical, hematological and histopathological alterations of treated rats at 2000 mg/kg body weight.
A. uliginosa extracts contains antimicrobial, antioxidant agents and was not lethal for rats when ingested. However, according to the results obtained for biochemical, hematological, and histopathological analysis, caution is required regarding its consumption.
湿地金钮扣（菊科）是一种开花植物，其叶子在贝宁被作为蔬菜食用。它们在传统上也被用作抗生素来治疗传染病。为了评估这种叶菜类蔬菜的治疗潜力和毒性作用，对其抗菌、抗真菌、抗氧化活性以及毒性和植物化学成分进行了研究。
评估了湿地金钮扣的二氯甲烷、甲醇和水提取物对六种细菌和六种真菌菌株的抗菌活性。分别通过微量稀释法和琼脂扩散法研究抗菌和抗真菌活性。使用2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼测定法评估抗氧化活性，并采用标准程序进行植物化学筛选。最后，根据经济合作与发展组织第423号指南，以2000毫克/千克的剂量进行口服急性毒性试验。
抗菌活性具有广谱性，对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均有抑制作用。最低抑菌浓度范围为0.625至5毫克/毫升。抗真菌评估表明，所有提取物均抑制真菌的菌丝生长和孢子形成，抑制率分别为9.39%至75.67%和22.04%至99.77%。在DPPH自由基清除试验中，对自由基的清除作用呈剂量依赖性增加。DPPH的抑制率范围为0.94%至73.07%。植物化学筛选显示存在香豆素、黄酮类、萘醌、蒽衍生物、皂苷、木脂素、三萜和单宁。二氯甲烷和甲醇提取物表现出最佳的生物活性；它们也是植物化学成分的最佳提取溶剂。在急性毒性评估中，所有动物身体活动正常，试验期间未观察到大鼠死亡。然而，水提取物在2000毫克/千克体重时会导致受试大鼠出现生化、血液学和组织病理学改变。
湿地金钮扣提取物含有抗菌、抗氧化剂，摄入时对大鼠无致死性。然而，根据生化、血液学和组织病理学分析结果，食用时需谨慎。
