Dalamitros Athanasios A, Manou Vasiliki, Christoulas Kosmas, Kellis Spiros
Laboratory of Coaching and Sports Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
Laboratory of Exercise Physiology - Ergometry, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
J Hum Kinet. 2015 Dec 30;49:195-200. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0121. eCollection 2015 Dec 22.
Previous studies demonstrated significant increases in the shoulder internal rotators' peak torque values and unilateral muscular imbalances of the shoulder rotators after a competitive swim period. However, there are no similar data concerning the knee muscles. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of a six-month training period on knee flexor and extensor peak torque values, examine a possible bilateral strength deficit and evaluate the unilateral strength balance in competitive swimmers. Eleven male adolescent swimmers (age: 14.82 ± 0.45 years) were tested for concentric knee extension and flexion peak torque (60°/s) with an isokinetic dynamometer, before and after a regular combined swim and dry-land strength training period. A trend towards greater improvements in the knee extensor compared to flexor muscles peak torque was observed. Furthermore, the bilateral strength deficit remained almost unchanged, whereas unilateral strength imbalance was increased for both limbs. However, all results were non-significant (p > 0.05). According to the data presented, a six-month regular combined swim and dry-land strength training period caused non-significant alterations for all the parameters evaluated during isokinetic testing. This study highlights the fact that competitive adolescent swimmers demonstrated unilateral knee strength imbalances throughout a long period of their yearly training macrocycle.
先前的研究表明，在一段竞技游泳期后，肩部内旋肌的峰值扭矩值显著增加，且肩部旋转肌存在单侧肌肉失衡。然而，关于膝部肌肉，尚无类似数据。本研究的目的是检验为期六个月的训练期对竞技游泳运动员膝部屈肌和伸肌峰值扭矩值的影响，研究可能存在的双侧力量 deficit 并评估单侧力量平衡。在常规的游泳与陆上力量组合训练期前后，使用等速测力计对11名男性青少年游泳运动员（年龄：14.82±0.45岁）进行了膝关节伸展和屈曲的同心峰值扭矩（60°/秒）测试。观察到与屈肌相比，膝部伸肌峰值扭矩有更大改善的趋势。此外，双侧力量 deficit 几乎保持不变，而双下肢的单侧力量失衡均有所增加。然而，所有结果均无统计学意义（p>0.05）。根据所呈现的数据，为期六个月的常规游泳与陆上力量组合训练期对等速测试中评估的所有参数均未产生显著改变。本研究强调了这样一个事实，即竞技青少年游泳运动员在其年度训练大周期的很长一段时间内都表现出单侧膝部力量失衡。
