Goodman M, Koop B F, Czelusniak J, Fitch D H, Tagle D A, Slightom J L
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201.
Genome. 1989;31(1):316-35. doi: 10.1139/g89-050.
The morphological picture of primate phylogeny has not unambiguously identified the nearest outgroup of Anthropoidea and has not resolved the branching pattern within Hominoidea. The molecular picture provides more resolution and clarifies the systematics of Hominoidea. Protein and DNA evidence divides Hominoidea into Hylobatidae (gibbons) and Hominidae, family Hominidae into Ponginae (orangutan) and Homininae, and subfamily Homininae into two tribes, one for Gorilla, and the other for Pan (chimpanzee) and Homo. Parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses, carried out on orthologous noncoding nucleotide sequences from primate beta-globin gene clusters, provide significant evidence for the human-chimpanzee tribe and overwhelming evidence for the human-chimpanzee-gorilla clade. These analyses also indicate that the rate of molecular evolution became slower in hominoids than in other primates and mammals.
灵长类系统发育的形态学图景尚未明确确定类人猿最近的外类群，也未解决人猿总科内部的分支模式。分子图景提供了更高的分辨率，并阐明了人猿总科的系统分类。蛋白质和DNA证据将人猿总科分为长臂猿科（长臂猿）和人科，人科分为猩猩亚科（猩猩）和人亚科，人亚科又分为两个族，一个是大猩猩族，另一个是黑猩猩族（黑猩猩）和人族（人类）。对灵长类β-珠蛋白基因簇的直系非编码核苷酸序列进行的简约分析和最大似然分析，为人类-黑猩猩族提供了重要证据，为人类-黑猩猩-大猩猩进化枝提供了压倒性证据。这些分析还表明，类人猿的分子进化速度比其他灵长类和哺乳动物慢。
